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Spatio-temporal Slip, and Stress Level on the Faults within the Western Foothills of Taiwan: Implications for Fault Frictional Properties

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Mechanics, Structure and Evolution of Fault Zones

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Abstract

We use preseismic, coseismic, and postseismic GPS data of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake to infer spatio-temporal variation of fault slip and frictional behavior on the Chelungpu fault. The geodetic data shows that coseismic slip during the Chi-Chi earthquake occurred within a patch that was locked in the period preceding the earthquake, and that afterslip occurred dominantly downdip from the ruptured area. To first-order, the observed pattern and the temporal evolution of afterslip is consistent with models of the seismic cycle based on rate-and-state friction. Comparison with the distribution of temperature on the fault derived from thermokinematic modeling shows that aseismic slip becomes dominant where temperature is estimated to exceed 200° at depth. This inference is consistent with the temperature induced transition from velocity-weakening to velocity-strengthening friction that is observed in laboratory experiments on quartzo-feldspathic rocks. The time evolution of aftership is consistent with afterslip being governed by velocity-strengthening frictional sliding. The dependency of friction, μ, on the sliding velocity, V, is estimated to be ∂μ/∂In V=8 × 10−3. We report an azimuthal difference of about 10–20° between preseismic and postseismic GPS velocities, which we interpret to reflect the very low shear stress on the creeping portion of the decollement beneath the Central Range, of the order of 1–3 MPa, implying a very low friction of about 0.01. This study highlights the importance of temperature and pore pressure in determining fault frictional sliding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan

    Ya-Ju Hsu & Shui-Beih Yu

  2. Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, California, USA

    Ya-Ju Hsu, Jean-Philippe Avouac & Jochen Woessner

  3. Central Weather Bureau, Taipei, Taiwan

    Chien-Hsin Chang

  4. Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Yih-Min Wu

  5. Swiss Seismological Service, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Jochen Woessner

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  1. Department Earth Sciences, University of Southern California College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, 900089-0740, USA

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Hsu, YJ., Avouac, JP., Yu, SB., Chang, CH., Wu, YM., Woessner, J. (2009). Spatio-temporal Slip, and Stress Level on the Faults within the Western Foothills of Taiwan: Implications for Fault Frictional Properties. In: Ben-Zion, Y., Sammis, C. (eds) Mechanics, Structure and Evolution of Fault Zones. Pageoph Topical Volumes. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0346-0138-2_14

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