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Light-Sensitive Polymeric Nanoparticles Based on Photo-Cleavable Chromophores

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Abstract

This chapter describes the development of two classes of photo-sensitive microgels: (i) polymeric gel nanoparticles swellable and degradable in organic solvents and (ii) hydrogel nanoparticles swellable and degradable in aqueous media. Both types of microgels are based on newly developed light-cleavable monomeric crosslinkers containing o-nitrobenzyl derivatives as the photo-reactive chromophores. The specific hydrophilicity of these divinyl functionalized molecules is characterized by a medium polarity and, therefore, enables their versatile utilization in either direct or inverse miniemulsion. In both cases, the dispersed phase can be formed by either dissolving the crosslinkers directly in the respective monomer(s) or by dissolving all polymerizable components in an organic solvent immiscible with the continuous phase. Free radical copolymerizations of the crosslinkers with different (functional) monomers yields then gel particles in the nanometer size range. Complete decomposition of the network structure can be achieved by cleaving the labile crosslinking points upon the appliance of light as external trigger and results in freely soluble polymer chains. The concept is schematically illustrated in Fig. 5.1.

Parts of this work are published in the paper “Photo-Sensitive PMMA Microgels: Light-Triggered Swelling and Degradation” Daniel Klinger, Katharina Landfester Soft Matter, 2011, 7 (4), 1426. Reproduced from [9] by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Parts of this work are published as: “Dual Stimuli-Responsive Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) Microgels Based on Photo-cleavable Crosslinkers: pH-dependent Swelling and Light-Induced Degradation” Daniel Klinger, Katharina Landfester, Macromolecules 2011 , 44 (24), 9758. Reprinted with permission from [38]. Copyright 2011 American Chemical Society.

  2. 2.

    Parts of this work are published as: “Enzymatically Degradable Nanogels by Inverse Miniemulsion Copolymerization of Acrylamide with Dextran-Methacrylates as Crosslinkers” Daniel Klinger, Eugen M. Aschenbrenner, Clemens K. Weiss and Katharina Landfester, Polym. Chem. 2012, 3, 204. Reproduced from [75] by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

  3. 3.

    Parts of this work are published in the paper: “Enzymatic- and Light-Degradable Hybrid Nanogels: Crosslinking of Polyacrylamide with Acrylate Functionalized Dextranes Containing Photo-Cleavable Linkers” Daniel Klinger, Katharina Landfester, J. Polym. Sci.: Part A 2012, 50 (6), 1062. Reprinted with permission from [44]. Copyright 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  4. 4.

    Results from these investigations are published as “Photo-Reactive Nanoparticles as Nanometric Building Blocks for the Generation of Self-Healing Hydrogel Thin Films” Pablo Froimowicz, Daniel Klinger, Katharina Landfester Chem. Eur. J. 2011, 17, 12465. Reprinted with permission from [118]. Copyright 2011 WILEY–VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

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  1. Materials Research Institute, University of California, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-5121, USA

    Daniel Klinger

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Klinger, D. (2013). Results and Discussion. In: Light-Sensitive Polymeric Nanoparticles Based on Photo-Cleavable Chromophores. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00446-4_5

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