Skip to main content
  • 1531 Accesses

Abstract

Estimators rely on empirical data. Expectations are theoretically conceived quantities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    From a metrological point of view, the mere notation μ 1≠μ 2 is, by all means, somewhat dark, as long as unknown systematic errors remain unaddressed. Meanwhile, an exhaustive treatment is given in Example 6.2(ii).

References

Journals

  1. R.A. Fisher, Applications of Student’s distribution. Metron 5, 90 (1925)

    Google Scholar 

  2. W.U. Behrens, Ein Beitrag zur Fehlerrechnung bei wenigen Beobachtungen. Landwirtsch. Jahrb. 68, 807–937 (1929)

    Google Scholar 

  3. R.A. Fisher, The comparison of samples with possible unequal variances. Annu. Eugen. 9, 174 (1939)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. B.L. Welch, The generalization of Student’s problem when several different population variances are involved. Biometrika 34, 28–35 (1974)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Monographs

  1. M. Kendall, A.S. Stuart, The Advanced Theory of Statistics, vols. I–III (Charles Griffin, London, 1960)

    Google Scholar 

  2. P. Beckmann, Elements of Applied Probability Theory (Harcourt, Brace & World, New York, 1968)

    Google Scholar 

  3. L.L. Chao, Statistics Methods and Analyses (McGraw-Hill, Tokyo, 1974)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Grabe, M. (2014). Estimators and Expectations. In: Measurement Uncertainties in Science and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04888-8_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics