Abstract
The first Sino-Japanese war of 1894–1895 had demonstrated Japan’s growing military and naval power. This chapter briefly describes the steady growth of Japanese strength and territorial ambitions up to the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941.
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Notes
- 1.
- 2.
Richard Sorge, a spy for the Soviets based in Japan, had warned Stalin of the coming German invasion. But this warning had been disregarded. However later advice from Sorge was a factor in the Soviet decision to move troops out of Siberia and back to the defence of western Russia and the Ukraine.
- 3.
The book Bankrupting the Enemy by Edward S. Miller (Naval Institute Press, 2007) is highly relevant here.
- 4.
This chapter has emphasised the provocation that led to the economic embargoes being placed upon Japan and the sheer size of the conflict in China.
The Rape of Nanking led to the GCCS (renamed the Government Communications Headquarters or just GCHQ in 1946) taking more interest in attacking Japanese Army ciphers. See Sect. 3.2. This work was to have a critical impact on its subsequent attack on the IJN series of ciphers, now known as JN-25, introduced by the IJN in June 1939. The saga of JN-25 is discussed in Chap. 9 and elsewhere in this book.
- 5.
The Manchester Guardian is now published as The Guardian.
- 6.
A paper by John Ferris published in Intelligence and National Security, 4(3), 1987, 421–450, describes Kennedy’s background. The Kennedy diary may be consulted via the website of the University of Sheffield Library. See also Note 7 of Chap. 3.
- 7.
One may speculate whether the envisaged danger or dangers included sudden attacks upon British, Dutch and perhaps American interests in South-East Asia and the Pacific.
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Donovan, P., Mack, J. (2014). Japanese Expansion 1895–1941. In: Code Breaking in the Pacific. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08278-3_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08278-3_2
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