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Polymers in Oncology

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Advanced Polymers in Medicine

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Abstract

Over the past decade nanoparticulate polymers has been established both in pharmaceutical and in clinical research. These kinds of systems are expected to stay in the blood for long time and accumulate in pathological sites with affected and leaky vasculature, such as tumors or inflammatory areas, via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, facilitating targeted delivery of specific drugs and genes into poorly accessible areas. Moreover, minimally invasive cancer biomarkers are greatly required for routine clinical practice, for example to deliver hydrophobic imaging agents. Finally, in the last years nano-scaled polymeric systems able to combine both therapy and imaging were designed and developed in a new research field that is called theranostics (or theragnostics). This chapter summarizes the different kinds of polymeric systems used to synthesize therapeutic, diagnostic and theranostic agents in cancer treatment with particular attention to nanoparticulate systems.

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Abbreviations

CMV:

Cytomegalovirus

DDS:

Drug delivery systems

DOTA:

1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10- tetrakisacetic acid

DOX:

Doxorubicin

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

EPR:

Enhanced permeability and retention

FA:

Folic acid

GOx:

Glucose oxidase

HPMA:

N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide

LCST:

Lower critical solution temperature

LHRH:

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone

MMA:

Methyl methacrylate

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

MR:

Magnetic resonance

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NBA:

O-nitrobenzyl acrylate

NIPAAM:

N-isopropylacrylamide

NIR:

Near-infrared

NIRF:

Near-infrared fluorescence

NIS:

Sodium iodide symporter

OEGMA:

Oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate

P(AA/MAA):

Poly(acrylic/methacrylic acid)

Pc:

Phthalocyanines

PCL:

Poly(ε-caprolactone)

PcSi-(OH)(mob):

Monosubstituted phthalocyanine

PDT:

Photodynamic therapy

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

PEG-A:

Poly(ethyleneglycol)monoacrylate

PEGMEM:

Peg methyl ether methacrylate

PEG-PPS-PEG:

Peg-β-poly(propylene sulfide)-β–peg

PEGPTMBPEC:

Peg-β-poly(2,4,6-trimethoxybenzylidenepentaerythritol carbonate)

PLA:

Polylactic acid

PNIPAAM:

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

PPI G4:

Generation 4 polypropylenimine

PPS:

Poly(propylene sulfide)

Ps:

Polymersome

PTX:

Paclitaxel

QDs:

Quantum dots

RF:

Radio-frequency

SPIONs:

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

TNPs:

Theranostic nanoparticles

VP:

N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy

    Manuela Curcio, Ortensia Ilaria Parisi & Francesco Puoci

  2. Department of Informatics, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy

    Ortensia Ilaria Parisi

Authors
  1. Manuela Curcio
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  2. Ortensia Ilaria Parisi
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  3. Francesco Puoci
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Correspondence to Manuela Curcio .

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  1. Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sci., University of Calabria, Rende, Italy

    Francesco Puoci

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Curcio, M., Parisi, O.I., Puoci, F. (2015). Polymers in Oncology. In: Puoci, F. (eds) Advanced Polymers in Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12478-0_10

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