Abstract
Ionic liquids are superior media for production of semiconductors by a relatively simple electrochemical process. Nowadays ionic liquids are developing rapidly and their scientific and technological importance compasses a wide range of applications that attract the interest of the scientists. In this chapter the literature data on the feasibility of ionic liquids for electrochemical synthesis of semiconductors will be discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Lincot D (2005) Electrodeposition of semiconductors. Thin Solid Films 487(1–2):40–48. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2005.01.032
Pandey PK, Sahu SN, Chandra S (1996) Handbook of semiconductor electrodeposition. Marcel Dekker, New York
Nakamura S (2006) In: Elliot TB (ed) New research on semiconductors. Nova Science, New York, pp 159–207
Fulop GF, Taylor RM (1985) Electrodeposition of semiconductors. Annu Rev Mater Sci 15:197–210
Hodes G (2001) Electrochemistry of nanomaterials. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim
Schlesinger TE, Rajeshwar K, De Tacconi NR (2010) Electrodeposition of semiconductors. In: Schlesinger M, Paunovic M (eds) Modern electroplating, 5th edn. Wiley, New York, pp 383–411. doi:10.1002/9780470602638.ch14
Venkatasamy V, Mathe MK, Cox SM, Happek U, Stickney JL (2006) Optimization studies of HgSe thin film deposition by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (EC-ALE). Electrochim Acta 51(21):4347–4351. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2005.12.012
Vaidyanathan R, Cox SM, Happek U, Banga D, Mathe MK, Stickney JL (2006) Preliminary studies in the electrodeposition of PbSe/PbTe superlattice thin films via electrochemical atomic layer deposition (ALD). Langmuir 22(25):10590–10595. doi:10.1021/la061625z
Colletti LP, Flowers BH, Stickney JL (1998) Formation of thin films of CdTe, CdSe, and CdS by electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy. J Electrochem Soc 145(5):1442–1449. doi:10.1149/1.1838502
Wade TL, Vaidyanathan R, Happek U, Stickney JL (2001) Electrochemical formation of a III-V compound semiconductor superlattice: InAs/InSb. J Electroanal Chem 500(1–2):322–332. doi:10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00473-3
Liang X, Zhang Q, Lay MD, Stickney JL (2011) Growth of Ge nanofilms using electrochemical atomic layer deposition, with a “bait and switch” surface-limited reaction. J Am Chem Soc 133(21):8199–8204. doi:10.1021/ja109398t
Gaune-Escard M, Seddon KR (2010) Molten salts and ionic liquids: never the twain? Wiley, Hoboken
Wasserscheid P, Welton T (2007) Ionic liquids in synthesis. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Endres F, Abbott AP, MacFarlane DR (2008) Electrodeposition from ionic liquids. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, KGaA, Weinheim
Seddon KR, Plechkova N (2013) Ionic liquids uncoiled: critical expert overviews. Wiley, Hoboken
Borisenko N, Zein El Abedin S, Endres F (2008) Electrodeposition of semiconductors in ionic liquids. In: Electrodeposition from ionic liquids. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, pp 147–165
Endres F, Zein El Abedin S (2008) Inorganic materials by electrochemical methods. In: Wasserscheid P, Welton T (eds) Ionic liquids in synthesis, vol 2. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 575–608
Armand M, Endres F, MacFarlane DR, Ohno H, Scrosati B (2009) Ionic-liquid materials for the electrochemical challenges of the future. Nat Mater 8(8):621–629. doi:10.1038/nmat2448
Borisenko N (2011) Electrodeposition of semiconductors from ionic liquids. In: Torriero AAJ, Shiddiky M (eds) Electrochemical properties and applications of ionic liquids. Nova Science, New York, pp 183–202
Hsiu S-I, Sun I-W (2004) Electrodeposition behaviour of cadmium telluride from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid. J Appl Electrochem 34(10):1057–1063. doi:10.1023/B:JACH.0000042670.84645.c5
Chauhan KR, Burgess IJ, Chang GS, Mukhopadhyay I (2014) Preparation of CdTe thin film by electrodeposition in butyl methyl imidazolium bath at 80 °C. J Electroanal Chem 713:70–76
Golgovici F, Visan T (2012) Electrodeposition behaviour of cadmium telluride from choline chloride-urea ionic liquids. Chalcogenide Lett 9(4):165–174
Lin M-C, Chen P-Y, Sun I-W (2001) Electrodeposition of zinc telluride from a zinc chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride molten salt. J Electrochem Soc 148(10):C653–C658. doi:10.1149/1.1396337
Dale PJ, Samantilleke AP, Shivagan DD, Laurence MP (2007) Synthesis of cadmium and zinc semiconductor compounds from an ionic liquid containing choline chloride and urea. Thin Solid Films 515(15):5751–5754. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.072
Izgorodin A, Winther-Jensen O, Winther-Jensen B, MacFarlane DR (2009) CdS thin-film electrodeposition from a phosphonium ionic liquid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 11(38):8532–8537. doi:10.1039/b906995j
Azaceta E, Tena-Zaera R, Marcilla R, Fantini S, Echeberria J, Pomposo JA, Grande H, Mecerreyes D (2009) Electrochemical deposition of ZnO in a room temperature ionic liquid: 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide. Electrochem Commun 11(11):2184–2186. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2009.09.026
Azaceta E, Marcilla R, Mecerreyes D, Ungureanu M, Dev A, Voss T, Fantini S, Grande H-J, Cabaňero G, Tena-Zaera R (2011) Electrochemical reduction of O2 in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquid containing Zn2+ cations: deposition of non-polar oriented ZnO nanocrystalline films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 13(29):13433–13440. doi:10.1039/c1cp20718k
Harati M, Love D, Lau WM, Ding Z (2012) Preparation of crystalline zinc oxide films by one-step electrodeposition in reline. Mater Lett 89:339–342. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2012.08.136
Tulodziecki M, Tarascon J-M, Taberna PL, Guéry C (2012) Electrodeposition growth of oriented ZnO deposits in ionic liquid media. J Electrochem Soc 159(12):D691–D698. doi:10.1149/2.027212jes
Wicelinski SP, Gale RJ (1986) In: Saboungi M-L, Johnson K, Newman DS, Inman D (eds) Proceedings of the fifth international symposium on molten salts, vol 86-1. Electrochemical Society, Inc., Pennington, NJ, p 144
Carpenter MK, Verbrugge MW (1990) Electrochemical codeposition of gallium and arsenic from a room temperature chlorogallate melt. J Electrochem Soc 137(1):123–129. doi:10.1149/1.2086346
Carpenter MK, Verbrugge MW (1994) Electrochemical codeposition of indium and antimony from a chloroindate molten salt. J Mater Res 9(10):2584–2591
Yang M-H, Yang M-C, Sun I-W (2003) Electrodeposition of indium antimonide from the water-stable 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid. J Electrochem Soc 150(8):C544–C548. doi:10.1149/1.1590328
Mann O, Aravinda CL, Freyland W (2006) Microscopic and electronic structure of semimetallic Sb and semiconducting AlSb fabricated by nanoscale electrodeposition: an in situ scanning probe investigation. J Phys Chem B 110(43):21521–21527. doi:10.1021/jp064384c
Aravinda CL, Freyland W (2006) Nanoscale electrocrystallisation of Sb and the compound semiconductor AlSb from an ionic liquid. Chem Commun 16:1703–1705. doi:10.1039/b517243h
Gandhi T, Raja KS, Misra M (2008) Room temperature electrodeposition of aluminum antimonide compound semiconductor. Electrochim Acta 53(24):7331–7337. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2008.04.014
Tsuda T, Hussey CL (2008) Electrodeposition of photocatalytic AlInSb semiconductor alloys in the lewis acidic aluminum chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride room-temperature ionic liquid. Thin Solid Films 516(18):6220–6225. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2007.11.114
Steichen M, Djemour R, Gütay L, Guillot J, Siebentritt S, Dale PJ (2012) Direct synthesis of single-phase p-type SnS by electrodeposition from a dicyanamide ionic liquid at high temperature for thin film solar cells. J Phys Chem C 117(9):4383–4393. doi:10.1021/jp311552g
Mann O, Freyland W (2007) Mechanism of formation and electronic structure of semiconducting ZnSb nanoclusters electrodeposited from an ionic liquid. Electrochim Acta 53(2):518–524. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2007.07.034
Katayama Y, Yokomizo M, Mura T, Kishi T (2001) Preparation of a novel fluorosilicate salt for electrodeposition of silicon at low temperature. Electrochemistry 69(11):834–837
Zein El Abedin S, Borissenko N, Endres F (2004) Electrodeposition of nanoscale silicon in a room temperature ionic liquid. Electrochem Commun 6(5):510–514. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2004.03.013
Borisenko N, Zein El Abedin S, Endres F (2006) In situ STM investigation of gold reconstruction and of silicon electrodeposition on Au(111) in the room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. J Phys Chem B 110(12):6250–6256
Al-Salman R, Zein El Abedin S, Endres F (2008) Electrodeposition of Ge, Si and Si(x)Ge(1−x) from an air- and water-stable ionic liquid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 10(31):4650–4657. doi:10.1039/b806996b
Bebensee F, Borissenko N, Frerichs M, Höfft O, Maus-Friedrichs W, Zein El Abedin S, Endres F (2008) Surface analysis of nanoscale aluminium and silicon films made by electrodeposition in ionic liquids. Z Phys Chem 222:671–686. doi:10.1524/zpch.2008.5315
Komadina J, Akiyoshi T, Ishibashi Y, Fukunaka Y, Homma T (2013) Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study of Si electrodeposition in ionic liquid. Electrochim Acta 100:236–241. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.07.043
Pulletikurthi G, Lahiri A, Carstens T, Borisenko N, Zein El Abedin S, Endres F (2013) Electrodeposition of silicon from three different ionic liquids: possible influence of the anion on the deposition process. J Solid State Electrochem 17(11):2823–2832. doi:10.1007/s10008-013-2185-1
Scherrer P (1918) Bestimmung der Größe und der inneren Struktur von Kolloidteilchen mittels Röntgenstrahlen. Göttinger Nachrichten Math Phys 2:98–100
Lahiri A, Olschewski M, Höfft O, Zein El Abedin S, Endres F (2013) In situ spectroelectrochemical investigation of Ge, Si, and SixGe1−x electrodeposition from an ionic liquid. J Phys Chem C 117(4):1722–1727. doi:10.1021/jp309646r
Endres F, Zein El Abedin S (2002) Nanoscale electrodeposition of germanium on Au(111) from an ionic liquid: an in situ STM study of phase formation—part I. Ge from GeBr4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 4(9):1640–1648. doi:10.1039/b110268k
Endres F, Zein El Abedin S (2002) Nanoscale electrodeposition of germanium on Au(111) from an ionic liquid: an in situ STM study of phase formation—part II. Ge from GeCl4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 4(9):1649–1657. doi:10.1039/b110560b
Endres F, Schrodt C (2000) In situ STM studies on germanium tetraiodide electroreduction on Au(111) in the room temperature molten salt 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2(24):5517–5520. doi:10.1039/b007897m
Endres F (2001) Electrodeposition of a thin germanium film on gold from a room temperature ionic liquid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 3(15):3165–3174. doi:10.1039/b102232f
Endres F (2002) Electrodeposition of nanosized germanium from GeBr4 and GeCl4 in an ionic liquid. Electrochem Solid State Lett 5(3):C38–C40. doi:10.1149/1.1448185
Murugesan S, Kearns P, Stevenson KJ (2012) Electrochemical deposition of germanium sulfide from room-temperature ionic liquids and subsequent Ag doping in an aqueous solution. Langmuir 28(13):5513–5517. doi:10.1021/la300551z
Wu MX, Brooks NR, Schaltin S, Binnemans K, Fransaer J (2013) Electrodeposition of germanium from the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15(14):4955–4964. doi:10.1039/c3cp44554b
Lahiri A, Zein El Abedin S, Endres F (2012) UV-assisted electrodeposition of germanium from an air- and water-stable ionic liquid. J Phys Chem C 116(33):17739–17745. doi:10.1021/jp3062543
Al-Salman R, Meng XD, Zhao JP, Li Y, Kynast U, Lezhnina MM, Endres F (2010) Semiconductor nanostructures via electrodeposition from ionic liquids. Pure Appl Chem 82(8):1673–1689. doi:10.1351/pac-con-09-09-25
Al-Salman R, Al Zoubi M, Endres F (2011) Evidence for an influence of anodic decomposition products of ionic liquids on the electrodeposition of SixGe1−x semiconductor. J Mol Liq 160(2):114–118. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2011.03.003
Lahiri A, Olschewski M, Höfft O, Zein El Abedin S, Endres F (2013) Insight into the electrodeposition of SixGe1−x thin films with variable compositions from a room temperature ionic liquid. J Phys Chem C 117(49):26070–26076. doi:10.1021/jp408042e
Al-Salman R, Mallet J, Molinari M, Fricoteaux P, Martineau F, Troyon M, Zein El Abedin S, Endres F (2008) Template assisted electrodeposition of germanium and silicon nanowires in an ionic liquid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 10(41):6233–6237. doi:10.1039/b809075k
Mallet J, Molinari M, Martineau F, Delavoie F, Fricoteaux P, Troyon M (2008) Growth of silicon nanowires of controlled diameters by electrodeposition in ionic liquid at room temperature. Nano Lett 8(10):3468–3474. doi:10.1021/nl802352e
Al-Salman R, Endres F (2009) Template-assisted electrodeposition of SixGe1−x nanowires with varying length and composition from two different ionic liquids. J Mater Chem 19(39):7228–7231. doi:10.1039/b909265j
Homma T, Komadina J, Nakano Y, Ouchi T, Akiyoshi T, Iichibashi Y, Nishimura Y, Nishida T, Fukunaka Y (2012) Templated electrodeposition of silicon nanowires from ionic liquid. ECS Trans 41(46):9–15. doi:10.1149/1.4729177
Mallet J, Martineau F, Namur K, Molinari M (2013) Electrodeposition of silicon nanotubes at room temperature using ionic liquid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15(39):16446–16449. doi:10.1039/c3cp51522b
Lahiri A, Willert A, Zein El Abedin S, Endres F (2014) A simple and fast technique to grow free-standing germanium nanotubes and core-shell structures from room temperature ionic liquids. Electrochim Acta 121:154–158. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.084
Meng XD, Al-Salman R, Zhao JP, Borissenko N, Li Y, Endres F (2009) Electrodeposition of 3D ordered macroporous germanium from ionic liquids: a feasible method to make photonic crystals with a high dielectric constant. Angew Chem Int Ed 48(15):2703–2707. doi:10.1002/anie.200805252
Meng XD, Zhao JP, Li HB, Endres F, Li Y (2012) Enhanced photoluminescence of ordered macroporous germanium electrochemically prepared from ionic liquids. Opt Express 20(9):9421–9430
Liu X, Zhang Y, Ge DT, Zhao JP, Li Y, Endres F (2012) Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous silicon films made by electrodeposition from an ionic liquid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 14(15):5100–5105. doi:10.1039/c2cp23236g
Xin W, Zhao J, Ge D, Ding Y, Li Y, Endres F (2013) Two-dimensional SixGe1−x films with variable composition made via multilayer colloidal template-guided ionic liquid electrodeposition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15(7):2421–2426. doi:10.1039/c2cp43983b
Acknowledgments
The author gratefully acknowledges Prof. Frank Endres for all his support. The author thanks Dr. Abhishek Lahiri and Dr. Giridhar Pulletikurthi for their helpful discussions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Borisenko, N. (2015). Electrodeposition of Semiconductors in Ionic Liquids. In: Torriero, A. (eds) Electrochemistry in Ionic Liquids. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15132-8_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15132-8_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-15131-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-15132-8
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)