Skip to main content

Endodontic Considerations for the Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth

  • Chapter
Restoration of Root Canal-Treated Teeth

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to offer a guide, from the endodontist’s perspective, as to how root canal-treated teeth should be restored, and to give some clinical recommendations to help meet these restorative goals. The endodontic and restorative components of treatment are typically considered as independent phases. However, when considering the impact of each of these phases on the long-term prognosis of the tooth, it becomes apparent that both the endodontic and restorative plans should be considered jointly before treatment is carried out. With so many options for the timing of treatment, endodontic and restorative materials, and restoration design, the clinician is left with some difficult decisions at the treatment planning phase. In this chapter, considerations for the material characteristics, restoration design, and management of post placement complications are presented and discussed with respect to their impact on long-term prognosis. In addition, treatment sequencing, techniques of temporization, and strategies to prevent coronal microleakage of endodontically treated teeth are discussed in detail.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abramovitz S, Lev R, Tamse A, Metzger Z (2001) The unpredictability of seal after post space preparation: a fluid transport study. J Endod 27:292–295

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • AlAnezi AZ, Jiang J, Safavi KE, Spangberg LSW, Zhu Q (2010) Cytotoxicity evaluation of endosequence root repair material. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 109:e122–e125

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Allison DA, Weber CR, Walton RE (1979) The influence of the method of canal preparation on the quality of apical and coronal obturation. J Endod 10:298–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arens D, Torabinejad M (1996) Repair of furcal perforations with mineral trioxide aggregate: two case reports. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 82:84–88

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bachicha WS, DiFiore PM, Miller DA, Lautenschlager EP, Pashley DH (1998) Microleakage of endodontically treated teeth restored with posts. J Endod 24:703–708

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balla R, Lomonaco C, Skribner J, Lin L (1991) Histological study of furcation perforations treated with tricalcium phosphate, hydroxylapatite, amalgam and Life. J Endod 17:234–238

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bargholz C (2005) Perforation repair with mineral trioxide aggregate: a modified matrix concept. Int Endod J 38:59–69

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barkhorder RA, Stark MM (1990) Sealing ability of intermediate restorations and cavity design used in endodontics. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 69:99–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beach C, Calhoun J, Bramwell D, Hutter J, Miller G (1996) Clinical evaluation of bacterial leakage of endodontic temporary filling materials. J Endod 22:459–462

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benenati FW, Roane JB, Biggs JT, Simon JH (1986) Recall evaluation of iatrogenic root perforations repaired with amalgam and gutta-percha. J Endod 12:161–166

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berutti E, Fedon G (1992) Thickness of cementum/dentin in mesial roots of mandibular first molars. J Endod 18:545–548

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bogaerts P (1997) Treatment of root perforations with calcium hydroxide and SuperEBA cement: a clinical report. Int Endod J 30:210–219

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bone J, Moule AJ (1986) The nature of curvature of palatal canals in maxillary molar teeth. Int Endod J 19:178–186

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bramante CM, Berbert A (1987) Root perforations dressed with calcium hydroxide or zinc oxide and eugenol. J Endod 13:392–395

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan LS (2007) Continuous wave of condensation technique for enhanced precision. Endod Ther 7:23–24

    Google Scholar 

  • BĂ¼ttel L, Krastl G, Lorch H, Naumann M, Zitzmann NU, Weiger R (2009) Influence of post fit and post length on fracture resistance. Int Endod J 42:47–53

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chailertvanitkul P, Saunders WP, Saunders EM, MacKenzie D (1997) An evaluation of microbial coronal leakage in the restored pulp chamber of root-canal treated multi-rooted teeth. Int Endod J 30:318–322

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen S, Blanco L, Berman L (2003) Vertical root fractures clinical and radiographic diagnosis. J Am Dent Assoc 134:434–441

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daoudi MF, Saunders WP (2002) In vitro evaluation of furcal perforation repair using mineral trioxide aggregate or resin modified glass ionomer cement with and without the use of the operating microscope. J Endod 28:512–515

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Chevigny C, Dao TT, Basrani BR, Marquis V, Farzaneh M, Abitbol S, Friedman S (2008) Treatment outcome in endodontics: the Toronto study–phase 4: initial treatment. J Endod 34:258–263

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dean JW, Lenox RA, Lucas FL, Culley WL, Himel VT (1997) Evaluation of a combined surgical repair and guided tissue regeneration technique to treat recent root canal perforations. J Endod 23:525–532

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Demarchi MGA, Sato EFL (2002) Leakage of interim post and cores used during laboratory fabrication of custom posts. J Endod 28:328–329

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dickey DJ, Harris GZ, Lemon RR, Luebke RG (1982) Effect of post space preparation on apical seal using solvent techniques and Peeso reamers. J Endod 8:351–354

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson AR, Albrektsson T (1983) Temperature threshold levels for heat-induced bone tissue injury: a vital-microscopic study in the rabbit. J Prosthet Dent 50:101–107

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Felton DA, Webb EL, Kanoy BE, Dugoni J (1991) Threaded endodontic dowels: effect of post design on incidence of root fracture. J Prosthet Dent 65:179–187

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fennis WM, Kuijs RH, Kreulen CM, Roeters FJ, Creugers NH, Burgersdijk RC (2002) A survey of cusp fractures in a population of general dental practices. Int J Prosthodont 15:559–563

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman MA, Nicholls JI, Kydd WL, Harrington GW (1998) Leakage associated with load fatigue-induced preliminary failure of full crowns placed over three different post and core systems. J Endod 24:26–32

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fugazatto PA, Parma-Benfenait S (1984) Pre-prosthetic periodontal considerations. Crown length and biologic width. Quintessence Int 12:1247–1256

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuss Z, Abramovitz I, Metzger Z (2000) Sealing furcation perforations with silver glass ionomer cement: an in vitro evaluation. J Endod 26:466–468

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fuss Z, Trope M (1996) Root perforations: classification and treatment choices based on prognostic factors. Endod Dent Traumatol 12:255–264

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gillen BM, Looney SW, Gu LS, Loushine BA, Weller RN, Loushine RJ, Pashley DH, Tay FR (2011) Impact of the quality of coronal restoration versus the quality of root canal fillings on success of root canal treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endod 37:895–902

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gluskin AH, Radke RA, Frost SL, Watanabe LG (1995) The mandibular incisor: rethinking guidelines for post and core design. J Endod 21:33–37

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goerig AC, Mueninghoff LA (1983) Management of the endodontically treated tooth. Part II: technique. J Prosthet Dent 49:491–497

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldfein J, Speirs C, Finkelman M, Amato R (2013) Rubber dam use during post placement influences the success of root canal-treated teeth. J Endod 12:1481–1484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grecca FS, Rosa AR, Gomes MS, Parolo CF, Bemfica JR, Frasca LC, Maltz M (2009) Effect of timing and method of post space preparation on sealing ability of remaining root filling material: in vitro microbiological study. J Can Dent Assoc 75:583

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hagemeier MK, Cooley RL, Hicks JL (1990) Microleakage of five temporary endodontic restorative materials. J Esthet Dent 2:166–169

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hakki SS, Bozkurt SB, Ozcopur B, Purali N, Belli S (2012) Periodontal ligament fibroblast response to root perforations restored with different materials – a laboratory study. Int Endod J 45:240–248

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen EK, Asmussen E, Christiansen NC (1990) In vivo fractures of endodontically treated posterior teeth restored with amalgam. Endod Dent Traumatol 6:49–55

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen SR, Montgomery S (1993) Effect of restoration thickness on the sealing ability of TERM. J Endod 9:448–452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris SP, Bowles WR, Fok A, McClanahan SB (2013) An anatomical investigation of the mandibular first molar using micro-computed tomography. J Endod 39:1374–1378

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heydecke G, Butz F, Strub JR (2001) Fracture strength and survival rate of endodontically treated maxillary incisors with approximal cavities after restoration with different post and core systems: an in-vitro study. J Dent 29:427–433

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holland R, Filho JA, de Souza V, Nery MJ, Bernabe PF, Junior ED (2001) Mineral trioxide aggregate repair of lateral root perforations. J Endod 27:281–284

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter AJ, Feiglin B, Williams JF (1989) Effects of post placement on endodontically treated teeth. J Prosthet Dent 62:166–172

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iqbal MK, Johansson AA, Akeel RF, Bergenholtz A, Omar R (2003) A retrospective analysis of factors associated with the periapical status of restored, endodontically treated teeth. Int J Prosthodont 16:31–38

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeevani E, Jayaprakash T, Bolla N, Vemuri S, Sunil CR, Kalluru RS (2014) Evaluation of sealing ability of MM-MTA, endosequence, and biodentine as furcation repair materials: UV spectrophotometric analysis. J Conserv Dent 17:340–343

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Juloski J, Radovic I, Goracci C, Vulicevic ZR, Ferrari M (2012) Ferrule effect: a literature review. J Endod 38:11–19

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kane JJ, Burgess JO, Summitt JB (1990) Fracture resistance of amalgam coronal-radicular restorations. J Prosthet Dent 63:607–613

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kishen A, Kumar GV, Chen NN (2004) Stress-strain response in human dentine: rethinking fracture predilection in postcore restored teeth. Dent Traumatol 20:90–100

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kovarik RE (2009) Restoration of posterior teeth in clinical practice: evidence for choosing amalgam versus composite. Dent Clin N Am 53:71–76

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krishan R, PaquĂ© F, Ossareh A, Kishen A, Dao T, Friedman S (2014) Impacts of conservative endodontic cavity on root canal instrumentation efficacy and resistance to fracture assessed in incisors, premolars, and molars. J Endod 40:1160–1166

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kvinnsland I, Oswald RJ, Halse A, Gronningsaeter AG (1989) A clinical and roentgenological study of 55 cases of root perforation. Int Endod J 22:75–84

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lammertyn PA, Rodrigo SB, Brunotto M, Crosa M (2009) Furcation groove of maxillary first premolar, thickness and dentin structures. J Endod 35:814–817

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Libman WJ, Nicholls JI (1995) Load fatigue of teeth restored with cast post and cores and complete crowns. Int J Prosthodont 8:155–161

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Linn J, Messer HH (1994) Effect of restorative procedures on the strength of endodontically treated molars. J Endod 20:479–485

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Magura ME, Kafrawy AH, Brown CE, Newton CW (1991) Human saliva coronal microleakage in obturated root canals: an in vitro study. J Endod 17:324–331

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Main C, Mirzayan N, Shabahang S, Torabinejad M (2004) Repair of root perforations using mineral trioxide aggregate: a long-term study. J Endod 30:80–83

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malkondu Ă–, Karapinar KazandaÄŸ M, KazazoÄŸlu E (2014) A review on biodentine, a contemporary dentine replacement and repair material. Biomed Res Int 2014:160951

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maloney SM, McClanahan SB, Goodell GG (2005) The effect of thermocycling on a colored glass ionomer intracoronal barrier. J Endod 31:526–528

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marquis VL, Dao T, Farzaneh M, Abitbol S, Friedman S (2006) Treatment outcome in endodontics – the Toronto study. Phase III: initial treatment. J Endod 32:299–306

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin JA, Bader JD (1997) Five-year treatment outcomes for teeth with large amalgams and crowns. Oper Dent 22:77–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Mavec JC, McClanahan SB, Minah GE, Johnson JD, Blundell RE (2006) Effects of an intracanal glass ionomer barrier on coronal microleakage in teeth with post space. J Endod 32:120–122

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mente J, Hage N, Pfefferle T, Koch MJ, Geletneky B, Dreyhaupt J, Martin N, Staehle HJ (2010) Treatment outcome of mineral trioxide aggregate: repair of root perforations. J Endod 36:208–213

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mondelli RF, Barbosa WF, Mondelli J, Franco EB, Carvalho RM (1998) Fracture strength of weakened human premolars restored with amalgam with and without cusp coverage. Am J Dent 11:181–184

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mondelli RF, Ishikiriama SK, de Oliveira FO, Mondelli J (2009) Fracture resistance of weakened teeth restored with condensable resin with and without cusp coverage. J Appl Oral Sci 17:161–165

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mori GG, Teixeira LM, de Oliveira DL, Jacomini LM, da Silva SR (2014) Biocompatibility evaluation of biodentine in subcutaneous tissue of rats. J Endod 40:1485–1488

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakata TT, Bae KS, Baumgartner JC (1998) Perforation repair comparing mineral trioxide aggregate and amalgam using an anaerobic bacterial leakage model. J Endod 24:184–186

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naoum HJ, Chandler NP (2002) Temporization for endodontics. Int Endod J 35:964–978

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nayyar A, Walton RE, Leonard LA (1980) An amalgam coronal-radicular dowel and core technique for endodontically treated posterior teeth. J Prosthet Dent 43:511–515

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ng Y-L, Mann V, Gulabivala K (2010) Tooth survival following non-surgical root canal treatment: a systematic review of the literature. Int Endod J 43:171–189

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Panitvisai P, Messer HH (1995) Cuspal deflection in molars in relation to endodontic and restorative procedures. J Endod 21:57–61

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petersson K, Hasselgren G, Tronstad L (1985) Endodontic treatment of experimental root perforations in dog teeth. Endo Dent Traumatol 1:22–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pisano DM, DiFiore PM, McClanahan SB, Lautenschlager EP, Duncan JL (1998) Intraorifice sealing of gutta-percha obturated root canals to prevent coronal microleakage. J Endod 24:659–662

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Plotino G, Buono L, Grande N, Lamorgese V, Somma F (2008) Fracture resistance of endodontically treated molars restored with extensive composite resin restorations. J Prosthet Dent 99:225–232

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Portell FR, Bernier WE, Lorton L, Peters DD (1982) The effect of immediate versus delayed dowel space preparation on the integrity of the apical seal. J Endod 8:154–160

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ray HA, Trope M (1995) Periapical status of endodontically treated teeth in relation to the technical quality of the root filling and the coronal restoration. Int Endod J 28:12–18

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen H (1961) Operative procedures on mutilated endodontically treated teeth. J Prosthet Dent 11:973–986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen H, Partida-Rivera M (1996) Iatrogenic fracture of roots reinforced with a cervical collar. Oper Dent 11:46–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotstein I, Cohenca N, Teperovich E, Moshonov J, Mor C, Roman I, Gedalia I (1999) Effect of chloroform, xylene, and halothane on enamel and dentin micro- hardness of human teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 87:366–368

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salehrabi R, Rotstein I (2004) Endodontic treatment outcomes in a large population in the USA: an epidemiological study. J Endod 30:846–850

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sathorn C, Palamara JEA, Palamara D, Messer HH (2005) Effect of root canal size and external root surface morphology on fracture susceptibility and pattern: a finite element analysis. J Endod 31:288–292

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saunders WP, Saunders EM (1994) Coronal leakage as a cause of failure in root canal therapy: a review. Endod Dent Traumatol 10:105–108

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saupe WA, Gluskin AH, Radke RA (1996) A comparative study of fracture resistance between morphological dowel and cores and a resin reinforced dowel system in the intraradicular restoration of structurally compromised roots. Quintessence Int 27:483–491

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmage P, Ozcan M, McMullan-Vogel C, Nergiz I (2005) The fit of tapered posts in root canals luted with zinc phosphate cement: a histological study. Dent Mater 21:787–793

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz RS, Robbins JW (2004) Post placement and restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review. J Endod 30:289–301

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silver GK, Love RM, Purton DG (1999) Comparison of two vertical condensation obturation techniques: Touch‘n Heat modified and System B. Int Endod J 32:287–295

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sinai IH, Romea DJ, Glassman G, Morse DR, Fantasia J, Furst ML (1989) An evaluation of tricalcium phosphate as a treatment for endodontic perforations. J Endod 15:399–403

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smales RJ, Hawthorne WS (1997) Long-term survival of extensive amalgams and posterior crowns. J Dent 25:225–227

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solano F, Hartwell G, Appelstein C (2005) Comparison of apical leakage between immediate versus delayed post space preparation using AH Plus Sealer. J Endod 31:752–754

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sorensen JA, Engelman MJ (1990) Ferrule design and fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. J Prosthet Dent 63:529–536

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sorensen JA, Martinoff JT (1984) Intracoronal reinforcement and coronal coverage. J Prosthet Dent 51:780–784

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Starr CB (1990) Amalgam crown restorations for posterior pulpless teeth. J Prosthet Dent 63:614–619

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson K, Madison S (1987) An evaluation of coronal microleakage in endodontically treated teeth. Part 1. Time periods. J Endod 13:56–59

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tjan AHL, Whang SB (1985) Resistance to root fracture of dowel channels with various thicknesses of buccal dentin walls. J Prosthet Dent 53:496–500

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Torabinejad M, Ung B, Kettering JD (1990) In vitro bacterial penetration of coronally unsealed endodontically treated teeth. J Endod 16:566–569

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trabert KC, Caput AA, Abou-Rass M (1978) Tooth fracture–a comparison of endodontic and restorative treatments. J Endod 4:341–345

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tronstad L, Asbjornsen K, Doving L, Petersen I, Eriksen HM (2000) Influence of coronal restorations on the periapical health of endodontically treated teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 16:218–221

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsesis I, Fuss Z (2006) Diagnosis and treatment of accidental root perforations. Endod Topics 13:95–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vire DE (1991) Failure of endodontically treated teeth: classification and evaluation. J Endod 17:338–342

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • White JD, Lacefield WR, Chavers LS, Eleazer PD (2002) The effect of three commonly used endodontic materials on the strength and hardness of root dentin. J Endod 28:828–830

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wong R, Cho F (1997) Microscopic management of procedural errors. Dent Clin N Am 41:455–480

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brian D. Barsness .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Barsness, B.D., Roach, S.H. (2016). Endodontic Considerations for the Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth. In: PerdigĂ£o, J. (eds) Restoration of Root Canal-Treated Teeth. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15401-5_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15401-5_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-15400-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-15401-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics