Abstract
Cooling single crystal samples in ultrahigh vacuum below 77 K was at one time considered to be technically difficult because of the perceived need for cooled radiation shields for the structure holding the crystal. Recently, excellent cooling properties have been achieved without a radiation shield using a number of refinements that have permitted rapid cooling to 6 K, control of temperature to 30–70 mK at 10 K, and measurements with absolute temperature errors of about 0.7 K at 10 K and 1.5 K at 100 K (Schlichting and Menzel in Rev Sci Instrum 64:2013, 1993).
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Notes
- 1.
Tabulated values for thermal conductivity are sapphire, 41.90 J/s km at 273 K; 100 HN Kapton, 0.10-0.35 J/s km at 276 K. Goodfellow Catalog (Goodfellow Metals, 1995), p. 433; p. 501. In addition reference [10] gives information and references on thermal conductivities as a function of temperature. Sapphire exhibits a greatly enhanced thermal conductivity at 80 K of 960 J/sKm.
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Yates, J.T. (2015). Cooling Samples. In: Experimental Innovations in Surface Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17668-0_35
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