Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Basic Overview of Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Process

  • Chapter
Green Chemistry and Sustainability in Pulp and Paper Industry

Abstract

Pulp and paper mills are highly complex and integrate many different process areas including wood preparation, pulping, chemical recovery, bleaching, and papermaking to convert wood to the final product. Processing options and the type of wood processed are often determined by the final product.

The pulp for papermaking may be produced from virgin fibre by chemical or mechanical means or may be produced by the repulping of paper for recycling. Wood is the main original raw material. Paper for recycling accounts for about 50 % of the fibres used – but in a few cases straw, hemp, grass, cotton and other cellulose-bearing material can be used. Paper production is basically a two-step process in which a fibrous raw material is first converted into pulp, and then the pulp is converted into paper. The harvested wood is first processed so that the fibres are separated from the unusable fraction of the wood, the lignin. Pulp making can be done mechanically or chemically. The pulp is then bleached and further processed, depending on the type and grade of paper that is to be produced. In the paper factory, the pulp is dried and pressed to produce paper sheets. Post-use, an increasing fraction of paper and paper products is recycled. Non recycled paper is either landfilled or incinerated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adams TN (1992) Lime reburning. In: Kocurek MJ (ed) Pulp and paper manufacture, vol 5, 3rd edn. TAPPI/CPPA, Atlanta/Montreal, p 590

    Google Scholar 

  • Annergren G, Lundqvist F (2008) Continuous kraft cooking: research and applications. STFI-Packforsk, Stockholm, 82 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Arpalahti O, Engdahl H, Jantti J, Kiiskila E, Liiri O, Pekkinen J, Puumalainen R, Sankala H, Vehmaan-Kreula J (2000) Chapter 14: White liquor preparation. In: Gullichsen J, Paulapuro H (eds) Papermaking science and technology, vol 6B. Fapet Oy, Helsinki, p 135

    Google Scholar 

  • Arppe M (2001) Mechanical pulp: has it got a future or will it be discontinued? Int Papwirtsch 10:45–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkins J (2005) The forming section: beyond the fourdrinier. Solutions! :28–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajpai P (2004) Emerging technologies in sizing. PIRA International, Leatherhead, 159 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajpai P (2005) Technological developments in refining. PIRA International, Leatherhead, 140 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajpai P (2008) Chemical recovery in pulp and paper making. PIRA International, Leatherhead, 166 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajpai P (2012) Environmentally benign approaches for pulp bleaching, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajpai P (2013) Recycling and deinking of recovered paper. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker C (2000) In: Baker C (ed) Refining technology. Pira International, Leatherhead, 197 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker CF (2005) Advances in the practicalities of refining. In: Scientific and technical advances in refining and mechanical pulping, 8th Pira International refining conference, Pira International, Barcelona, 28 February–March 2005

    Google Scholar 

  • Biermann CJ (1996) Handbook of pulping and papermaking, 2nd edn. Academic, San Diego, p 754

    Google Scholar 

  • Buck RJ (2006) Fourdrinier: principles and practices, 2006 In: TAPPI papermakers conference, Atlanta, 24–28 April 2006, Session 15, 13pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Casey JP (1983a) Chemical pulping: a perspective. Tappi J 66(1):155–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Casey JP (1983b) Mechanical and chemi-mechanical pulping: a perspective. Tappi J 66(6):95–96

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davison RW (1992) Internal sizing. In: Hagemeyer RW, Manson DW (eds) Pulp and paper manufacture, vol 6. TAPPI/CPPA, Atlanta/Montreal, p 39

    Google Scholar 

  • EPA (2001a) Pulp and paper combustion sources national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants: a plain English description. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-456/R-01-003. September 2001. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/pulp/chapters1-6pdf.zip

  • EPA (2001b) Pulping and bleaching system NESHAP for the pulp and paper industry: a plain English description. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-456/R-01-002. September 2001. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/pulp/guidance.pdf

  • EPA (2002) Profile of the pulp and paper industry, 2nd edn. EPA Office of Compliance Sector Notebook Project. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA/310-R-02-002. November 2002

    Google Scholar 

  • Farr JP, Smith WL, Steichen DS (1992) Bleaching agents (survey). In: Grayson M (ed) Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology, vol 4, 4th edn. Wiley, New York, p 271

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredette MC (1996) Section 2, Chapter 2: Pulp bleaching: principles and practice. In: Dence CW, Reeve DW (eds) Bleaching chemicals: chlorine dioxide. Tappi Press, Atlanta, p 59

    Google Scholar 

  • Gullichsen J (2000) Fibre line operations. In: Gullichsen J, Fogelholm CJ (eds) Chemical pulping – papermaking science and technology. Book 6A. Fapet Oy, Helsinki, p A19

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson KT (1997) Overview of sizing. In: Tappi sizing short course, Session 1. TAPPI, Nashville (April 14–16, 1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • Holik H (2006) Stock preparation. In: Sixta H (ed) Handbook of paper and board. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim, pp 150–206

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ince PJ (2004) Pulping – fibre resources. In: Burley J, Evans J, Youngquist JA (eds) Encyclopedia of forest sciences. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 877–883

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ishiguro K (1987) Paper machine. Jpn Tappi 41(10):44–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Krogerus B (2007) Chapter 3: Papermaking additives. In: Alen R (ed) Papermaking chemistry: papermaking science and technology, vol 4, 2nd edn. Finnish Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, pp 54–121, 255 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Krotscheck AW (2006) In: Sixta H (ed) Handbook of pulp. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim, pp 512–605

    Google Scholar 

  • Latta JL (1997) Surface sizing I: overview and chemistry. In: Tappi sizing short course, Session 5. TAPPI, Nashville (April 14–16, 1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ljokkoi R (2000) Pulp screening applications. In: Gullichsen J, Fogelholm C-J (eds) Chemical pulping. Papermaking science and technology, vol 6A. Fapet Oy, Helsinki, pp A603–A616

    Google Scholar 

  • Lumiainen J (2000) Chapter 4: Refining of chemical pulp. In: Papermaking science and technology, vol 8, Papermaking part 1: Stock preparation and wet end. Fapet Oy, Helsinki, p 86

    Google Scholar 

  • Lund A (1999) The paper machine 200 years Nord. Pappershistorisk Tidskr 27(2):9–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Malashenko A, Karlsson M, (2000) Twin wire forming – An overview. In: 86th annual meeting, Montreal, Que, Canada, 1–3 February. 2000, Preprints A, pp A189–A201

    Google Scholar 

  • Malinen, Fuhrmann A (1995) Recent trends in bleaching of chemical pulp. Paperi ja puu 77(3):78–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcoccia B, Prough JR, Engstrom J, Gullichsen J (2000) Chapter 6: Continuous cooking applications. In: Gullichsen J, Fogelholm C-J (eds) Papermaking science and technology, vol 6A, Chemical pulping., pp A512–A570

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonough T (1992) Bleaching agents (pulp and paper). In: Grayson M (ed) Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology, vol 4. Wiley, New York, p 301

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonough TJ (1995) Recent advances in bleached chemical pulp manufacturing technology. Part 1: extended delignification, oxygen delignification, enzyme applications, and ECF and TCF bleaching. Tappi J 78(3):55–62

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neimo L (2000) Internal sizing of paper. In: Neimo L (ed) Papermaking chemistry. Tappi Press/Fapet Oy, Atlanta/Helsinki, p 150

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulapuro H (2000) Stock and water systems of the paper machine. In: Gullichsen J, Fogelholm C-J (eds) Papermaking science and technology, vol 8, Papermaking part 1, Stock preparation and wet end. Fapet Oy, Helsinki, p 125

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapson WH, Strumila GB (1979) The bleaching of pulp. In: Singh RP (ed) Chlorine dioxide bleaching, 3rd edn. Tappi Press, Atlanta, p 113

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeve DW (1989) Bleaching chemicals. In: Kocurek MJ (ed) Pulp and paper manufacture, vol 5, Alkaline pulping. TAPPI/CPPA, Atlanta/Montreal, p 425

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeve DW (1996a) Section 1, Chapter 1: Introduction to the principles and practice of pulp bleaching. In: Dence CW, Reeve DW (eds) Pulp bleaching: principles and practice. Tappi Press, Atlanta, p 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeve DW (1996b) Section 4, Chapter 8: Pulp bleaching: principles and practice. In: Dence CW, Reeve DW (eds) Chlorine dioxide in bleaching stages. Tappi Press, Atlanta, p 379

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeve DW (2002) The kraft recovery cycle, Tappi kraft recovery operations short course. Tappi Press, Atlanta

    Google Scholar 

  • Ressel JB (2006) In: Sixta H (ed) Handbook of pulp. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim, pp 69–105

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts JC (1996) Neutral and alkaline sizing. In: Roberts JC (ed) Paper chemistry, 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall, London, p 140

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts JC (1997) A Review of Advances in Internal Sizing of Paper. In: Baker CF (ed) The fundamentals of paper making materials: transactions, 11th fundamental research symposium (Cambridge), vol 1. PIRA International, Leatherhead, p 209

    Google Scholar 

  • Sixta H (2006) In: Sixta H (ed) Handbook of pulp. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim, pp 2–19

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Smook GA (1992) Handbook for pulp and paper technologists. Angus Wilde Publications, Inc, Vancouver, 425p

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens WV (1992) Refining. In: Kocurek MJ (ed) Pulp and paper manufacture, vol 6, 3rd edn. TAPPI/CPPA, Atlanta, p 187

    Google Scholar 

  • Tran H (2007) Advances in the kraft chemical recovery process, Source 3rd ICEP international colloquium on eucalyptus pulp, 4–7 March, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 7pp

    Google Scholar 

  • USEPA (1998) Pulp and paper NESHAP: a plain English description www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/pulp/guidance.pdf

  • Vakkilainen EK (2000) Chapter 1: Chemical recovery. In: Gullichsen J, Paulapuro H (eds) Papermaking science and technology, vol 6B. Fapet Oy, Helsinki, p 7

    Google Scholar 

  • Venkatesh V (1992) Chapter 8: Lime reburning. In: Greenand RP, Hough G (eds) Chemical recovery in the alkaline pulping process, vol 6B. Tappi Press, Atlanta, p 153

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. C-103 Thapar Centre for Industrial R&D, Consultant (Pulp and Paper), Patiala, India

    Pratima Bajpai

Authors
  1. Pratima Bajpai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bajpai, P. (2015). Basic Overview of Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Process. In: Green Chemistry and Sustainability in Pulp and Paper Industry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18744-0_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation