Abstract
This chapter describes de Assessment Tool developed within the scope of the research to understand the emerging changes in the context of the intervention, which are possible thanks to the Design Pilot Project implementation, as well as to orient strategies for future interventions. This Tool was developed based on five main indicators—environmental, technological, socio-cultural, economic and organizational indicators, which were further explored, individually, in specific issues, thus by providing quantitative resources to evaluate the results. A Radar map was used as a means to visualize a broad image of the scenario, analyzed in two different moments of the Design Pilot Project.
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Notes
- 1.
Guelere Filho et al. (2008) set some tools used to evaluate the environmental impacts of products and processes, such as: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), The Eco-Function Matrix, MET-Matrix, Life Cycle Design Strategies (LiDS-wheel), Design for Environment Matrix, among others.
- 2.
Frameworks contain general ideas about possible guides for environmental considerations in the Product Development (PD) process and are often followed by a group of tools and technical strategies. Check-lists and guidelines are, usually, tools of a qualitative nature (few are semi-quantitative) and are used to check the fulfillment of a requirement. Rating and ranking tools are, in general, simple, quantitative tools and typically adopt a pre-defined scale for evaluating the impact on a specific phase of PD. Analytical tools are preferably of broad quantitative scope for measuring the environmental performance of products. Organizing tools guide the planning of a sequence of tasks or the cooperation among specific business functions with the involved parts, helping to integrate sustainability concerns as a company strategy (Baumann et al. 2002).
- 3.
The MP tool denomination refers to MODU.Lares Project and is used to distinguish it from mentioned other assessment tools.
- 4.
References from Maxwell and van der Vorst (2003) regards the optimization of: functionality, environmental materials impact; social impacts of materials; economic aspects. From Tischner et al. (2009): relations with stakeholders, health and safety, market position and competitiveness, partnership and cooperation, macro-economic effect. From Parker and Ford (2009): relationships, meetings and discussions, participation, shared design processes, prototyping and learning. These aspects were analyzed and grouped by Nunes (2013), according to the indicators.
- 5.
A possible option for the local context could be the Pull Type system—or Make-to-Order process in which production is based on: (a) the demand side and starts only after a customer’s order is received; (b) actual demand assigned to later processes (Hopp, Spearman, 2002). In Make-to-Order processes the production management capacity is central to resolving the conflict between manufacturing and marketing functions, ensuring that the company allocates the available capacity to satisfy customer demand in an efficient and effective fashion (Sridharan 2000).
- 6.
Based on Da Silveira et al. (2001), Da Rocha (2011) presents a wide taxonomy that entails eight generic levels of mass customization: (a) design: collaborative design, production and delivery of a product based on clients’ needs; (b) artifact production according to client preferences; (c) assembly: combination of modular elements into different mixes; (d) additional client work into a standard product; (e) additional services in a standard product; (f) packaging and distribution of products in different ways; (g) modification of usage; and (h) standardization without customization. For Da Rocha (2011), mass customization types seem to exclude one another. However, within this research, solutions tried to combine some of the aspects mentioned, such as: (a) assembly, thus creating different mixes according to the clients’ needs; (b) additional client work into a standard product; (c) use: the modification of the product during use by the client.
- 7.
The existing assembly system adopts nails and glue, with minimal flexibility. The second evaluation used data of the artifacts prototyped in the research. The calculation memory is not presented in this work due to its complex data.
- 8.
The sharing of design processes is included due to the initial intention of gathering elements of design and production in the same indicator. This aspect can be reviewed in future work to improve the MP, thus integrating the socio-cultural or the organizational indicator, for example.
- 9.
The competitiveness in production includes several variables such as flexibility of volumes, speed, flexibility of mixture and of costs, brand communication as well as the capacity for dealing with the supply chain as a whole. However, the setting of the main issues and their importance to the pilot project occurred in accordance with MSEs. They were then systematized by Nunes (2013), to compose the MP tool. This actually resulted in some limitation of the assessment tool.
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Zurlo, F., Nunes, V.d.G.A. (2016). The MP Assessment Tool. In: Designing Pilot Projects as Boundary Objects. SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23141-9_3
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