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Mutation Breeding

  • Chapter
Plant Breeding: Past, Present and Future

Abstract

Mutations for use in breeding sexually and vegetatively propagated crops can be produced using radiation and chemicals. A mutant may become a new cultivar or be used as a parent in further breeding. Understanding mutagenesis, including the genetic changes induced by various mutagens, allows the rational design of mutation programmes: the choice of mutagen, plant material, doses and dose rates; methods for recognizing and selecting desired mutations and for dissociation of chimeric plants; and the population sizes required for success. Examples are presented of breeding programmes using gamma-ray and heavy-ion beam mutagenesis and chemical mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). Chemical mutagenesis can be coupled with a high-throughput screen of the mutagenized population to detect point mutations in target DNA sequences (TILLING). Site-directed DNA sequence modification (genome engineering) is possible using engineered nucleases; for example, the CRISPR/Cas9 system for plant genome editing. Insertional mutagenesis and somaclonal variation are also considered.

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  1. Edinburgh, UK

    John E. Bradshaw

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Bradshaw, J.E. (2016). Mutation Breeding. In: Plant Breeding: Past, Present and Future. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23285-0_16

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