Abstract
The chapter discusses research findings generated within the framework of the BMBF-funded project entitled “Economic and Ecological Restructuring of Land and Water Use in the Region Khorezm (Uzbekistan): A Pilot Project in Development Research” and implemented in 2001–2011. The authors look at the processes of how IWRM as a globalized concept for irrigation governance is locally operationalized and expressed in the implementation practices within specific conditions of contemporary Uzbekistan. The chapter begins with an overview of the processes which describe the variability of how IWRM principles have been incorporated in Uzbekistan at the level of official institutional policies. It then moves to a discussion of how these policies infiltrate into less formal work practices. We begin with an analysis of a “micro-level” water governance demonstrating important linkages between the officially endorsed IWRM agenda and historically and culturally-embedded systems of informal water management in Uzbekistan. Using an innovative method of inquiry and analysis called “institutional ethnography” (Smith 1987), we discover important points of disjuncture between the formal promises of IWRM-motivated policies and the actual outcomes of the pertinent policies for the marginalized water users. We attempt to explain this inconsistency and put forward an argument which elucidates how benevolent and well-intended policies under the IWRM framework become occluded by the organizational and political-economic administrative apparatus of state-led agricultural marketing in Uzbekistan. Our analysis offers an explicated account of IWRM as a practiced activity, opening up institutional issues that require informed and empirically-based reflection.
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Notes
- 1.
BMBF is an abbreviation for Germany’s Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
- 2.
The reduction in the resource base has been estimated to cost about $ 1 billion annually (UNEP 2006). Yet according to the World Bank (2003), rehabilitating the irrigation and drainage systems is less expensive than cash transfers equivalent to the value of the lost income from irrigation and the social disruptions that would derive from a decision to no longer invest into these systems.
- 3.
Among them are the Decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the most important directions for deepening reforms in agriculture” (issued March 24, 2003) and “On the improvement of the system of economic management” (issued December 22, 2003), as well as the Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the improvement of the organization of water resource management” (No. 320 of July 21, 2003) and “On the improvement of activities of the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan” (No. 290 of June 28, 2003).
- 4.
In 2009 Water User Association (WUA) were renamed into Water Consumer Association (WCA) (Law of Republic of Uzbekistan, Article 18-2). In this chapter we use WUA and WCA interchangeably and synonymously.
- 5.
Paragraph 9 of the Cabinet of Ministers Decree No. 8 “On measures of reorganization of agricultural enterprises into farming entities” (adopted 5th of January 2002), p. 2.
- 6.
Appendix 7 of the Cabinet of Ministers Decree No. 8 “On measures of reorganization of agricultural enterprises into farming entities” (adopted 5th of January 2002), p. 15.
- 7.
WUA Urto-Yop, Charter, p. 1.
- 8.
Paragraph 9.1 of the “Agreement between water user and WUA Urto-Yop”, p. 4.
- 9.
From interview with a representative of DWRD.
- 10.
Here we refer to the Dublin Principle N 3 on “Recognition of women’s central role in the provision, management and safeguarding the water”.
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Kim, E.A., Hornidge, AK. (2016). IWRM in Uzbekistan: A Global Concept with Local Consequences. In: Borchardt, D., Bogardi, J., Ibisch, R. (eds) Integrated Water Resources Management: Concept, Research and Implementation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25071-7_9
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