Skip to main content

Community College Workforce Development in the Student Success Era

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research

Part of the book series: Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research ((HATR,volume 31))

Abstract

This chapter provides a discussion of the workforce development role of community colleges and the influence of the “success agenda.” Some of the primary themes from the extant literature that are discussed include: the traditional workforce development role of community colleges; aspects of the completion and/or success agenda relevant to workforce development; recent efforts to frame community college workforce development in the accountability movement (e.g., performance-based funding); implications relevant to the Workforce Investment Act; and, opportunities and constraints through for-credit career-preparation programs, noncredit education, and developments in transfer including articulation and the applied baccalaureate. The chapter also includes a discussion of how these related themes have been approached in the scholarly literature and directions for advancing inquiry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Achieving the Dream. (2015). Achieving the dream: About us. Silver Spring, MD: Author. Retrieved from http://achievingthedream.org/about-us

  • ACT, Inc. (2013). Changing lives, building a workforce: Preparing community college students for jobs and careers. Iowa City, IA: Author. Retrieved from http://www.act.org/research/policymakers/pdf/changing_lives.pdf

  • Alexander, F. K. (1998, November). The endless pursuit of efficiency: The internal movement to increase accountability and performance in higher education. Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, Miami, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alfonso, M. (2006). The impact of community college attendance on baccalaureate attainment. Research in Higher Education, 47, 873–903. doi:10.1007/s11162-006-9019-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alfonso, M., Bailey, T. R., & Scott, M. (2005). The educational outcomes of occupational sub-baccalaureate students: evidence from the 1990s. Economics of Education Review, 24, 197–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Altstadt, D. (Ed.). (2012). Tying funding to community college outcomes: Models, tools, and recommendations for states. Boston: Jobs for the Future.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Association of Community Colleges. (2012). Reclaiming the American dream: Community colleges and the nation’s future: A report from the 21st-Century Commission on the Future of Community Colleges. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Association of Community Colleges (AACC) and Association for Community College Trustees (ACCT). (2013). Joint legislative agenda for the 113th Congress. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.aacc.nche.edu

  • American Association of Community Colleges. (2014a). Voluntary framework of accountability: Metrics manual version 3.1. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://vfa.aacc.nche.edu/Documents/VFAMetricsManual.pdf

  • American Association of Community Colleges. (2014b). 2014 fact sheet. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.aacc.nche.edu

  • American Association of Community Colleges. (2014c). Empowering community colleges to build the nation’s future: An implementation guide. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.aacc21stcenturycenter.org/

  • Amey, M. J., Eddy, P. L., & Campbell, T. (2010). Crossing boundaries: Creating partnerships to promote educational transitions. Community College Review, 37, 333–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, G., Sun, J. C., & Alfonso, M. (2006). Effectiveness of statewide articulation agreements on the probability of transfer: A preliminary policy analysis. Review of Higher Education, 29, 261–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Area Development Magazine. (2014). 28th annual survey of corporate executives. Area Development Online. Retrieved from http://www.areadevelopment.com/

  • Askin, J. A. (2007). Community college mission: Re(s)ources make a difference. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 31, 977–997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aslanian, C. B. (2001). Adult students today. New York: College Board.

    Google Scholar 

  • Association of Community College Trustees (ACCT). (2014). Fact sheet—The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act. Retrieved from http://www.acct.org/files/Advocacy/Factsheets%20and%20Summaries/ACCT%20Fact%20sheet%20WIOA.pdf

  • Astin, A. W. (1993). What matters in college?: Four critical years revisited. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Astley, W. G., & Van de Ven, A. H. (1983). Central perspectives and debates in organization theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, 245–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bahr, P. R. (2010). The bird’s eye view of community colleges: A behavioral typology of first-time students based on cluster analytic classification. Research in Higher Education, 51, 724–749. doi:10.1007/s11162-010-9180-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, T., Jenkins, D., & Leinbach, D. T. (2007). The effect of student goals on community college performance measures (CCRC Brief No. 33). New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, T., Kienzl, G., & Marcotte, D. (2004). Who benefits from postsecondary occupational education? Findings from the 1980s and 1990s (CCRC Brief No. 23). New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, T. R., Leinbach, D. T., Scott, M., Alfonso, M., Kienzl, G. S., Kennedy, B., & Marcotte, D. (2003). The characteristics of occupational sub-baccalaureate students entering the new millennium. New York: Columbia University, Teachers College, Community College Research Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batts, D. L., & Pagliari, L. R. (2013). Transforming the terminal associates of applied science into a four-year degree: A win-win situation for students, community colleges, universities, and businesses. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 37, 365–373. doi:10.1080/10668920903530021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bemmel, E. P., Floyd, D. L., & Bryan, V. C. (2009). Perceptions and reflections of administrators: Community colleges transitioning to baccalaureate colleges. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 33, 151–176. doi:10.1080/10668920802564923

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, A. D., Johnson, S. D., Taylor, G. D., Treat, T., Shinkareva, O. N., & Duncan, J. (2005). Achievement in online and campus-based career and technical education (CTE) courses. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 29, 369–394. doi:10.1080/10668920590921589

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, J. B., & Malaney, G. D. (2003). Assessing the transition of transfer students from community colleges to a university. NASPA Journal, 40(4), 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berliner, U. (2014, November 6). In South Carolina, a program that makes apprenticeships work. Washington, DC: National Public Radio. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/2014/11/06/361136336/in-south-carolina-a-program-that-makes-apprenticeships-work

  • Bers, T. H., & Smith, K. (1987). College choice and the nontraditional student. Community College Review, 15(1), 39–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boggs, G. R. (2011). Community colleges in the spotlight and under the microscope. New Directions for Community Colleges, 156, 3–22. doi:10.1002/cc.462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bogue, E. G., & Johnson, B. D. (2010). Performance incentives and public college accountability in the United States: A quarter century policy audit. Higher Education Management and Policy, 22(2), 9–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boswell, K. (2000). State funding for community colleges: A 50 state survey. Denver, CO: Education Commission of the States, Center for Community College Policy. Retrieved from http://www.ecs.org/clearinghouse/22/86/2286.pdf

  • Bragg, D. D., & Durham, B. (2012). Perspectives on access and equity in the era of (community) college completion. Community College Review, 40(2), 106–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bragg, D. D., Kim, E., & Barnett, E. A. (2006). Creating access and success: Academic pathways reaching underserved students. New Directions for Community Colleges, 135, 5–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brand, J. E., Pfeffer, F. T., & Goldrick-Rab, S. (2014). The community college effect revisited: The importance of attending to heterogeneity and complex counterfactuals. Sociological Science, 1, 448–465. doi:10.15195/v1.a25

    Google Scholar 

  • Brint, S., & Karabel, J. (1989). The diverted dream: Community colleges and the promise of educational opportunity in America, 1900–1985. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2015, April). Economic news release: Employment situation summary (USDL-15-0530). Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://data.bls.gov/

  • Burke, J. C. (2005). The many faces of accountability. In J. C. Burke et al. (Eds.), Achieving accountability in higher education: Balancing public, academic, and market demands (pp. 1–24). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, J. C., & Minassians, H. P. (2004). Implications of state performance indicators for community college assessment. New Directions for Community Colleges, 126, 53–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burke, J. C., & Modarresi, S. (1999). Performance funding and budgeting: Popularity and volatility–The third annual survey. Albany, NY: Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government, Public Higher Education Program.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, J. C., & Modarresi, S. (2000). To keep or not to keep performance funding: Signals from stakeholders. Journal of Higher Education, 71, 432–453.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burke, J. C., & Serban, A. M. (Eds.). (1998). Performance funding for public higher education: Fad or trend? (New Directions for Institutional Research, 97). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Business-Higher Education Forum & Emtect Solutions. (2010). Modeling the role of community colleges in increasing educational attainment and workforce preparedness (BHEF Working Paper). Washington, DC: Business-Higher Education Forum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calcagno, J. C., Crosta, P., Bailey, T., & Jenkins, D. (2007). Stepping stones to a degree: The impact of enrollment pathways and milestones on community college student outcomes. Research in Higher Education, 48, 775–801.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cantor, J. A. (1995). Apprenticeships link community-technical colleges and business and industry for workforce training. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 19, 47–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cappelli, P. (2014). Skills gap, skill shortages and skill mismatches: Evidence for the US (Working Paper 20382). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/

  • Carlan, P. E., & Byxbe, F. R. (2000). Community colleges under the microscope: An analysis of performance predictors for native and transfer students. Community College Review, 28(2), 27–42. doi:10.1177/009155210002800202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carnevale, A. P., Jayasundera, T., & Hanson, A. R. (2012). Career and technical education: Five ways that pay along the way to the B.A. Washington, DC: Center on Education and the Workforce, Georgetown University & Civic Enterprises. Retrieved from http://www9.georgetown.edu/grad/gppi/hpi/cew/pdfs/CTE.FiveWays.FullReport.pdf

  • Cavanaugh, J. C., & Garland, P. (2012). Performance funding in Pennsylvania. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 44(3), 34–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cejda, B. D., Kaylor, A. J., & Rewey, K. L. (1998). Transfer shock in an academic discipline: The relationship between students’ majors and their academic performance. Community College Review, 26(3), 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chase, M. M. (2011). Benchmarking equity in transfer policies for career and technical associate’s degrees. Community College Review, 39, 376–404. doi:10.1177/0091552111423966

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chrystal, L. L., Gansemer-Topf, A., & Laanan, F. S. (2013). Assessing students’ transition from community college to a four-year institution. Journal of Assessment and Institutional Effectiveness, 3(1), 1–18. doi:10.1353/aie.2013.0002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, B. R. (1983). The higher education system: Academic organization in cross national perspective. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, A. M., Brawer, F. B., & Kisker, C. B. (2014). The American community college (6th ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Community College Baccalaureate Association. (2014). Public community colleges conferring baccalaureate degrees. Bonita Springs, FL: Author. Retrieved from http://www.accbd.org/

  • Community College Daily. (2014, May 21). Congress’ plan to rework WIA. Community College Daily. Retrieved from http://www.ccdaily.com/Pages/Campus-Issues/Congress-plan-to-rework-WIA.aspx

  • Complete College America. (2014). About CCA. Indianapolis, IN: Author. Retrieved from http://completecollege.org/about-cca/

  • Completion by Design. (2012). Completion by design pathway principles: Version 2. Portland, OR: Author. Retrieved from https://www.completionbydesign.org/system/files/Pathway%20Principles_v2_0.pdf

  • Compton, J. I., Laanan, F. S., & Starobin, S. S. (2010). Career and technical education as pathways: Factors influencing postcollege earnings of selected career clusters. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 15, 93–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crosta, P. M. (2014). Intensity and attachment: How the chaotic enrollment patterns of community college students relate to educational outcomes. Community College Review, 42, 118–142. doi:10.1177/0091552113518233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, P. A. (2015). The role of community colleges in career transitions for older workers. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 39, 265–279. doi:10.1080/10668926.2013.843144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Amico, M. M., Dika, S. L., Elling, T. W., Algozzine, B., & Ginn, D. J. (2014). Early integration and other outcomes for community college transfer students. Research in Higher Education, 55, 370–399. doi:10.1007/s11162-013-9316-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Amico, M. M., Friedel, J. N., Katsinas, S. G., & Thornton, Z. M. (2014). Current developments in community college performance funding. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 38, 231–241. doi:10.1080/10668926.2014.851971

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Amico, M. M., Morgan, G. B., Robertson, S., & Houchins, C. (2014). An exploration of noncredit community college enrollment. Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 62, 152–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Amico, M. M., Morgan, G. B., Robertson, S., & Rivers, H. E. (2013). Dual enrollment variables and college student persistence. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 37, 769–779.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Amico, M. M., Morgan, G. B., & Robertson, T. C. (2011). Student achievement in identified workforce clusters: Understanding factors that influence student success. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 35, 773–790.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Amico, M. M., Rios-Aguilar, C., Salas, S., & González Canché, M. S. (2012). Career capital and the community college. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 36, 251–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dadgar, M., & Trimble, M. J. (2014). Labor market returns to sub-baccalaureate credentials: How much does a community college degree or certificate pay? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. Advance online publication. doi:10.3102/0162373714553814

    Google Scholar 

  • Daun-Barnett, N. (2011). Community college baccalaureate: A fixed effects, multi-year study of the influence of state policy on nursing degree production. Higher Education Policy, 24, 377–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daun-Barnett, N., & Escalante, S. (2014). Local influences of community college baccalaureate legislation on nursing and teaching degree production in Florida. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 38, 1030–1043. doi:10.1080/10668926.2012.729496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, J. L. (2008). Community colleges: The preferred provider of career and technology education and training. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 32, 568–572. doi:10.1080/10668920701382856

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de la Torre, D., Jr., & Wells, R. S. (2014). Evolving statewide transfer policies: Persistent efforts in tension with workforce development among Massachusetts community colleges. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 22(20). http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v22n20.2014

  • de los Santos, A. G., Jr., & Sutton, F. (2012). Swirling students: Articulation between a major community college district and a state-supported research university. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 36, 967–981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeFillippi, R. J., & Arthur, M. (1994). The boundaryless career: A competency-based perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 307–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deil-Amen, R. (2011). Socio-academic integrative moments: Rethinking academic and social integration among two-year college students in career-related programs. Journal of Higher Education, 82, 54–91. doi:10.1353/jhe.2011.0006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deloitte & Manufacturing Institute. (2011). Boiling point? The skills gap in U.S. manufacturing. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich, C. C., & Lichtenberger, E. J. (2015). Using propensity score matching to test the community college penalty assumption. Review of Higher Education, 38, 193–219. doi:10.1353/rhe.2015.0013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty, K. J., Jones, S. M., Lahr, H., Natow, R. S., Pheatt, L., & Reddy, V. (2014). Performance funding for higher education: Forms, origins, impacts, and futures. ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 655, 163–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty, K. J., Natow, R. S., Bork, R. H., Jones, S. M., & Vega, B. E. (2013). Accounting for higher education accountability: Political origins of state performance funding for higher education. Teachers College Record, 115, 1–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty, K. J., & Reddy, V. (2011). The impacts of state performance funding systems on higher education institutions: Research literature review and policy recommendations (CRCC Working Paper No. 37). New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University. Retrieved from http://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/media/k2/attachments/impacts-state-funding-higher-education.pdf

  • Dougherty, K. J., & Reddy, V. (2013). Performance funding for higher education: What are the impacts? ASHE Higher Education Report, 39(2). Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aehe.v39.2/issuetoc

  • Dowd, A. C., Cheslock, J. J., & Melguizo, T. (2008). Transfer access from community colleges and the distribution of elite higher education. Journal of Higher Education, 79, 442–472. doi:10.1353/jhe.0.0010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dowd, A. C., & Melguizo, T. (2008). Socioeconomic stratification of community college transfer access in the 1980s and 1990s: Evidence from HS&B and NELS. Review of Higher Education, 31, 377–400. doi:10.1353/rhe.0.0004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Downey, J. A., Pusser, B., & Turner, J. K. (2006). Competing missions: Balancing entrepreneurialism with community responsiveness in community college continuing education divisions. New Directions for Community Colleges, 136, 75–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, W. R. (2009). Impact of increased academic intensity on transfer rates: An application of matching estimators to student-unit record data. Research in Higher Education, 50, 52–72. doi:10.1007/s11162-008-9107-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fain, P. (2013, April 2). Technically liberal arts. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/04/02/private-colleges-ga-open-doors-students-technical-colleges

  • Floyd, D. L., & St. Arnauld, C. (2007). An exploratory study of community college baccalaureate teacher education programs: Lessons learned. Community College Review, 35, 66–84. doi:10.1177/0091552107302237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Floyd, D. L., & Walker, K. P. (2009). The community college baccalaureate: Putting the pieces together. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 33, 90–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, D., & Visher, M. (2007). Helping displaced workers find a home. Community College Journal, 78(1), 39–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, H. L. (2015). Six workforce development initiatives that are laying the pathway to success. Community College Journal of Research and Practice. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/10668926.2013.878260

    Google Scholar 

  • Frentzos, D. (2005). Credit and noncredit community college enrollment and the economy. Community College Enterprise, 11(1), 93–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedel, J. N., D’Amico, M. M., Katsinas, S. G., & Grant, P. D. (2013). Expanding college completion: The challenge of capacity. Planning for Higher Education, 41(4), 69–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedel, J. N., Thornton, Z. M., D’Amico, M, M., & Katsinas, S. G. (2013). Performance-based funding: The national landscape. Tuscaloosa, AL: Education Policy Center, University of Alabama. Retrieved from http://uaedpolicy.ua.edu/uploads/2/1/3/2/21326282/pbf_9-17_web.pdf

  • Gantt, A. J. (2010). Graduation rates of students in technical programs at an urban community college. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 34, 227–239. doi:10.1080/10668920903504992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gertge, P. A. (2008). Analysis of dual credit in rural eastern Colorado. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 32, 549–558.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Githens, R. P., Sauer, T. M., Crawford, F. L., & Wilson, K. B. (2012). Online occupational education in community colleges: Prevalence, programming, and connection with workforce development needs. Career and Technical Education Research, 37(1), 35–56. doi:10.5328/cter37.1.35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glass, J. C., Jr., & Harrington, A. R. (2002). Academic performance of community college transfer student and “native” students at a large state university. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 26, 415–430. doi:10.1080/02776770290041774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grubb, W. N. (1992). Postsecondary vocational education and the sub-baccalaureate labor market: New evidence on economic returns. Economics of Education Review, 11, 225–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grubb, W. N. (1995). Postsecondary education and the sub-baccalaureate labor market: Corrections and extensions. Economics of Education Review, 14, 285–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grubb, W. N. (1997). The returns to education in the sub-baccalaureate labor market, 1984–1990. Economics of Education Review, 16, 231–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grubb, W. N., Badway, N., & Bell, D. (2003). Community colleges and the equity agenda: The potential of noncredit education. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 586, 218–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grubb, W. N., & Lazerson, M. (2005). The education gospel and the role of vocationalism in American education. American Journal of Education, 111, 297–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagedorn, L. S., Cypers, S., & Lester, J. (2008). Looking at the rearview mirror: Factors affecting transfer for urban community college students. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 32, 643–664.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagedorn, L. S., Moon, H. S., Cypers, S., Maxwell, W. E., & Lester, J. (2006). Transfer between community colleges and 4-year colleges: The all-American game. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 30, 223–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, B. (2007). Elements that lead to a successful continuing education program at a select Midwestern community college. Online Journal for Workforce Education and Development, 2(3). Retrieved at http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/ojwed/vol2/iss3/4/

  • Harnisch, T. L. (2011). Performance-based funding: A re-emerging strategy in public higher education financing (Higher education policy brief). Washington, DC: AASCU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harnish, D., & Lynch, R. L. (2005). Secondary to postsecondary technical education transitions: An exploratory study of dual enrollment in Georgia. Career and Technical Education Research, 30(3), 169–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hezel Associates & Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (WICHE). (2010). Promising practices in statewide articulation and transfer systems. Boulder, CO: WICHE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, N. W., Tandberg, D. A., & Gross, J. P. K. (2014). Performance funding in higher education: Do financial incentives impact college completions? Journal of Higher Education, 85, 826–857. doi:10.1353/jhe.2014.0031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, N. W., Tandberg, D. A., & Fryar, A. H. (2015). Evaluating the impacts of “new” performance funding in higher education. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. Advance online publication. doi:10.3102/0162373714560224

    Google Scholar 

  • Hills, J. R. (1965). Transfer shock: The academic performance of the junior college transfer. The Journal of Experimental Education, 33, 201–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschy, A. S., Bremer, C. D., & Castellano, M. (2011). Career and technical education (CTE) student success in community colleges: A conceptual model. Community College Review, 39(3), 296–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoachlander, G., Sikora, A. C., & Horn, L. (2003). Community college students: Goals, academic preparation, and outcomes (NCES 2003-164). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holzer, H. J., & Lerman, R. I. (2007). America’s forgotten middle-skill jobs: Education and training requirements in the next decade and beyond. Washington, DC: The Workforce Alliance and Skills2Compete.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn, L., & Nevill, S. (2006). Profile of undergraduates in U.S. postsecondary educational institutions: 2003–2004 with a special analysis of community college students. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, K. (2013). The college completion agenda 2012 progress report. New York: CollegeBoard Advocacy & Policy Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ignash, J. M. (2012). Articulation to and from the applied associate degree: Challenges and opportunities. New Directions for Community Colleges, 158, 13–24. doi:10.1002/cc.20013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ignash, J. M., & Kotun, D. (2005). Results of a national study of transfer in occupational/technical degrees: Policies and practices. Journal of Applied Research in the Community College, 12(2), 109–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ignash, J. M., & Townsend, B. K. (2000). Evaluating state-level articulation agreements according to good practice. Community College Review, 28(3), 1–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inkson, K., & Arthur, M. B. (2001). How to be a successful career capitalist. Organizational Dynamics, 30(1), 48–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ishitani, T. T. (2008). How do transfers survive after “transfer shock”? A longitudinal study of transfer student departure at a four-year institution. Research in Higher Education, 49, 403–419. doi:10.1007/s11162-008-9091-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ishitani, T. T., & McKitrick, S. A. (2010). After transfer: The engagement of community college students at a four-year collegiate institution. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 34, 576–594. doi:10.1080/10668920701831522

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, D., & Boswell, K. (2002). State policies on community college workforce development: Findings from a national survey. Denver, CO: Education Commission of the States, Center for Community College Policy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, D., & Cho, S.-W. (2012). Get with the program: Accelerating community college students’ entry into and completion of programs of study (CCRC Working Paper No. 32). New York: Community College Research Center. Retrieved from http://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/media/k2/attachments/accelerating-student-entry-completion.pdf

  • Jenkins, D., & Weiss, M. J. (2011). Charting pathways to completion for low-income community college students (CCRC Working Paper No. 34). New York: Community College Research Center. Retrieved from http://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/media/k2/attachments/charting-pathways-completion.pdf

  • Jepsen, C., Troske, K., & Coomes, P. (2014). The labor-market returns to community college degrees, diplomas, and certificates. Journal of Labor Economics, 32(1), 95–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karandjeff, K., & Schiorring, E. (2011). Career and technical education (CTE) transfer research project: Improving transfer pathways for California community college students in CTE programs. Journal of Applied Research in the Community College, 18(2), 42–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karp, M. M., Calcagno, J. C., Hughes, K. L., Jeong, D. W., & Bailey, T. R. (2007). The postsecondary achievement of participants in dual enrollment: An analysis of student outcomes in two states. St. Paul, MN: National Research Center for Career and Technical Education, University of Minnesota.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katsinas, S. G. (1994). Community colleges and workforce development in the new economy. The Community Services Catalyst, 24(1). Retrieved from http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/CATALYST/V24N1/atsinas.html

  • Katsinas, S. G., D’Amico, M. M., & Friedel, J. N. (2011). Jobs, jobs, jobs: Challenges community colleges face to reach the unemployed (Research report). Tuscaloosa, AL: Education Policy Center, University of Alabama.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katsinas, S. G., D’Amico, M. M., & Friedel, J. N. (2012). Workforce training in a recovering economy: Perceptions of state community college leaders (Research report). Tuscaloosa, AL: Education Policy Center, University of Alabama.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katsinas, S. G., & Lacey, V. A. (1989). Community colleges and economic development: Models of institutional effectiveness. Washington, DC: American Association of Community and Junior Colleges.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J., & Bragg, D. D. (2008). The impact of dual and articulated credit on college readiness and retention in four community colleges. Career and Technical Education Research, 33(2), 133–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kingdon, J. W. (1995). Agenda, alternatives, and public policies (2nd ed.). New York: HarperCollins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotter, J. P. (1996). Leading change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kujawa, T. A. (2013). The AAS to BAS pathway: Heating up the educational aspirations of CTE students. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 37, 356–364. doi:10.1080/10668926.2012.755648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laanan, F. S. (2004). Studying transfer students: Part I: Instrument design and implications. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 28, 331–351. doi:10.1080/10668920490424050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laanan, F. S. (2007). Studying transfer students: Part II: Dimensions of transfer students’ adjustment. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 31, 37–59. doi:10.1080/10668920600859947

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laanan, F. S., Starobin, S. S., & Eggleston, L. E. (2010–2011). Adjustment of community college students at a four-year university: Role and relevance of transfer student capital for student retention. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 12(2), 175–209. doi:10.2190/CS.12.2.d

    Google Scholar 

  • Lahr, H., Pheatt, L., Dougherty, K. J., Jones, S., Natow, R. S., & Reddy, V. (2014). Unintended impacts of performance funding on community colleges and universities in three states (CCRC Working Paper No. 78). New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakes, R. D. (2012). State sector strategies: The new workforce development in the USA. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 10(1), 13–29. doi:10.1080/14767724.2012.646879

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lattimore, J. B., D’Amico, M. M., & Hancock, D. R. (2012). Strategic responses to accountability demands: A case study of three community colleges. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 36, 928–940. doi:10.1080/10668926.2012.679469

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J. M., Jr., & Rawls, A. (2010). The college completion agenda 2010 progress report: Executive summary. New York: College Board Advocacy & Policy Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leigh, D. E. (2005). Community college training and the workforce investment system (U.S. DOL Occasional Paper 2005–15). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lester, J., Brown Leonard, J., & Mathias, D. (2013). Transfer student engagement: Blurring of social and academic engagement. Community College Review, 41, 202–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levey, T. (2010). The effect of level of college entry on midcareer occupational attainments. Community College Review, 38, 3–30. doi:10.1177/0091552110373141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, V. Y. T., Belfield, C. R., & Trimble, M. J. (2014). The medium-term labor market returns to community college awards: Evidence from North Carolina. Economics of Education Review, 44, 42–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lohman, E. M., & Dingerson, M. R. (2005). The effectiveness of occupational-technical certificate programs: Assessing student career goals. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 29, 339–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lumina Foundation. (2013). Lumina Foundation strategic plan 2013 to 2016. Indianapolis, IN: Author. Retrieved from http://www.luminafoundation.org/files/file/2013-lumina-strategic-plan.pdf

  • Lynch, R., & Hill, F. (2008). Dual enrollment in Georgia’s high schools and technical colleges. Techniques: Connecting Education and Careers, 83(7), 28–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire, K. J., Starobin, S. S., Laanan, F. S., & Friedel, J. N. (2012). Measuring the accountability of CTE programs: Factors that influence postcollege earnings among community college students. Career and Technical Education Research, 37, 235–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manufacturing Institute. (2011). Roadmap to education reform for manufacturing: Results from the National Manufacturing Talent Development Roundtable. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinney, L., & Morris, P. A. (2010). Examining an evolution: A case study of organizational change accompanying the community college baccalaureate. Community College Review, 37, 187–208. doi:10.1177/0091552109351185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKinney, L., Scicchitano, M., & Johns, T. (2013). A national survey of community college baccalaureate institutions. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 37, 54–63. doi:10.1080/10668926.2012.711140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKinney, L., & Hagedorn, L. S. (2015). Performance-based funding for community colleges in Texas: Are colleges disadvantaged by serving the most disadvantaged students? Bryan, TX: The Greater Texas Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLendon, M. K., Tuchmayer, J. B., & Park, T. J. (2009–2010). State policy climates for college student success: An analysis of state policy documents pertaining to college persistence and completion. Journal of College Student Retention, 11(1), 33–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miao, K. (2012). Performance-based funding of higher education: A detailed look at best practices in 6 states. Washington, DC: Center for American Progress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milam, J. (2005). The role of noncredit courses in serving nontraditional learners. New Directions for Higher Education, 129, 55–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monaghan, D. B., & Attewell, P. (2014). The community college route to the bachelor’s degree. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. Advance online publication. doi:10.3102/0162373714521865

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, C., & Shulock, N. (2011). Sense of direction: The importance of helping community college students select and enter a program of study. Sacramento, CA: California State University Sacramento Institute for Higher Education Leadership & Policy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, C., Jez, S. J., Chisholm, E., & Shulock, N. (2012). Career opportunities: Career technical education and the college completion agenda: Part II: Inventory and analysis of CTE programs in the California Community Colleges. Sacramento, CA: Institute for Higher Education Leadership & Policy, California State University, Sacramento. Retrieved from http://www.cccaoe.org/sites/default/files/staff/pdf/Resources/Reports/R_Career_Opportunities_part2_0212.pdf

  • Morest, V. S. (2006). Double vision: How the attempt to balance multiple missions is shaping the future of community colleges. In T. Bailey & V. S. Morest (Eds.), Defending the community college equity agenda (pp. 28–50). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, G. B., D’Amico, M. M., & Hodge, K. J. (2015). Major differences: Modeling profiles of community college persisters in career clusters. Quality & Quantity, 49(1), 1–20. doi:10.1007/s11135-013-9970-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mosholder, R. S., & Zirkle, C. J. (2007). Historical trends of articulation in America: A review of the literature. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 31, 731–745.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mullin, C. M. (2012). Transfer: An indispensable part of the community college mission (Policy Brief 2012-03PBL). Washington, DC: American Association of Community Colleges. Retrieved from http://www.aacc.nche.edu/Publications/Briefs/Documents/AACC_Transfer_to_LUMINA_BW.pdf

  • Myran, G., & Ivery, C. L. (2013). The employability gap and the community college role in workforce development. New Directions for Community Colleges, 162, 45–53. doi:10.1002/cc.20058

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Education Statistics. (2013a). Digest of education statistics: Table 321.10: Associate’s degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions, by sex of student and discipline division: 2001–02 through 2011–2012. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d13/tables/dt13_321.10asp

  • National Center for Education Statistics. (2013b). Digest of education statistics: Table 303.50. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by level of enrollment, control and level of institution, attendance status, and age of student: 2011. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d13/tables/dt13_303.50asp

  • National Center for Education Statistics. (2013c). Trends in employment rates by educational attainment. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_tba.asp

  • National Center for Education Statistics. (2014a). Characteristics of postsecondary students. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_csb.asp

  • National Center for Education Statistics. (2014b). Degrees conferred by public and private institutions. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cvc.asp

  • Natow, R. S., Pheatt, L., Dougherty, K. J., Jones, S. M., Lahr, H., & Reddy, V. (2014). Institutional changes to organizational policies, practices, and programs following the adoption of state-level performance funding policies (CCRC Working Paper No. 76). New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitecki, E. M. (2011). The power of the program: How the academic program can improve community college student success. Community College Review, 39, 98–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nodine, T., Venezia, A., & Bracco, K. (2011). Changing course: A guide to increasing student completion in community colleges. San Francisco: WestEd. Retrieved from http://knowledgecenter.completionbydesign.org/sites/default/files/changing_course_V1_fb_10032011.pdf

  • O’Banion, T. (2010). The completion agenda: To what end? Community College Journal, 81(2), 44–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oleksiw, C. A., Kremidas, C. C., Johnson-Lewis, M., & Lekes, N. (2007). Community college noncredit occupational programming: A study of state policies and funding. St. Paul, MN: National Research Center for Career and Technical Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozmun, C. D. (2012). Crossing the bridge: The role of lived experiences in shaping noncredit workforce education students’ educational goals. Community College Enterprise, 18(1), 8–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pascarella, E. T., Smart, J. C., & Ethington, C. A. (1986). Long-term persistence of two-year college students. Research in Higher Education, 24, 47–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennington, R. (2006). Rethinking grade transfer shock: Examining its importance in the community college transfer process. Journal of Applied Research in the Community College, 14(1), 19–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrides, L. A., McClelland, S. I., & Nodine, T. R. (2004). Using external accountability mandates to create internal change. Planning for Higher Education, 33(1), 44–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrosian, A. (2013). Administrator and faculty perspectives regarding community college baccalaureate degrees in Texas. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 37, 735–741. doi:10.1080/10668926.2011.567177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (1978). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pheatt, L., Lahr, H., Dougherty, K. J., Jones, S. M., Natow, R. S., & Reddy, V. (2014). Obstacles to the effective implementation of performance funding: A multistate cross-case analysis (CCRC Working Paper No. 77). New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porchea, S. F., Allen, J., Robbins, S., & Phelps, R. P. (2010). Predictors of long-term enrollment and degree outcomes for community college students: Integrating academic, psychosocial, socio-demographic, and situational factors. Journal of Higher Education, 81, 750–778. doi:10.1353/jhe.2010.0014

    Google Scholar 

  • Qi, W., & Cole, J. S. (2011). Career and technical education students who transition to four-year institutions: An exploratory study. Journal of the First-Year Experience & Students in Transition, 23(2), 75–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roksa, J. (2006). Does the vocational focus of community colleges hinder students’ educational attainment? Review of Higher Education, 29, 499–526. doi:10.1353/rhe.2006.0038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roksa, J., & Calcagno, J. C. (2010). Catching up in community colleges: Academic preparation and transfer to four-year institutions. Teachers College Record, 112(1), 260–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenfeld, S. A. (1998). Community college/cluster connections: Specialization and competitiveness in the U.S. and Europe. New York: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenfeld, S. A. (2002). A governor’s guide to cluster-based economic development. Washington, DC: National Governor’s Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutschow, E. Z., Richburg-Hayes, L., Brock, T., Orr, G., Cerna, O., Cullinan, D. et al. (2011). Turning the tide: Five years of Achieving the Dream in community colleges. New York: MDRC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruud, C. M., Bragg, D. D., & Townsend, B. K. (2010). The applied baccalaureate degree: The right time and place. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 34, 136–152. doi:10.1080/10668920903385897

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryder, A. J., & Hagedorn, L. S. (2012). GED and other noncredit courses: The other side of the community college. In C. M. Mullin, T. Bers, & L. S. Hagedorn (Eds.), Data use in the community college (New Directions for Institutional Research, No. 153, pp. 21–32). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryken, A. E. (2006). “Goin’ somewhere”: How career technical education programs support and constrain urban youths’ career decision-making. Career and Technical Education Research, 31(1), 49–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanford, T., & Hunter, J. M. (2011). Impact of performance-funding on retention and graduation rates. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 19(33), 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer, D. F. (2008). The states and their community colleges: Every state offers two-year colleges as the first rung on the ladder of higher education. But states differ greatly in the use they make of them. Albany, NY: The Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, K. M., Goldrick-Rab, S., Mazzeo, C., & Jacobs, J. A. (2006). Putting poor people to work: How the work-first idea eroded college access for the poor. New York: Russell Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shin, J. C. (2010). Impacts of performance-based accountability on institutional performance in the U.S. Higher Education, 60(1), 47–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, M. (2015). Driving better outcomes: Typology and principles to inform outcomes-based funding models. Washington, DC: HCM Strategists. Retrieved from http://hcmstrategists.com/drivingoutcomes/

  • Somers, P., Haines, K., Keene, B., Bauer, J., Pfeiffer, M., McCluskey, J. et al. (2006). Towards a theory of choice for community college students. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 30, 53–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, J. S., & Lattuca, L. R. (1997). Shaping the college curriculum: Academic plans in action. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Starobin, S. S., Schenk, T., Jr., Laanan, F. S., Rethwisch, D. G., & Moeller, D. (2013). Going and passing through community colleges: Examining the effectiveness of Project Lead the Way in STEM pathways. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 37, 226–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tinto, V. (1987). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Townsend, A., & Shelley, K. (2008). Validating an instrument for assessing workforce collaboration. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 32, 101–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Townsend, B. K. (2005). A cautionary view. In D. L. Floyd, M. L. Skolnik, & K. P. Walker (Eds.), The community college baccalaureate: Emerging trends and policy issues (pp. 179–190). Sterling, VA: Stylus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Townsend, B. K., Bragg, D. D., & Ruud, C. M. (2009). Development of the applied baccalaureate. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 33, 686–705. doi:10.1080/10668920902983601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Townsend, B. K., & Wilson, K. B. (2006). “A hand hold for a little bit”: Factors facilitating the success of community college transfer students to a large research university. Journal of College Student Development, 47, 439–456. doi:10.1353/csd.2006.0052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Townsend, B. K., & Wilson, K. B. (2008–2009). The academic and social integration of persisting community college transfer students. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 10, 405–423.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). (2014a). WIOA fact sheet. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.doleta.gov/WIOA/

  • U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). (2014b). Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act frequently asked questions. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.doleta.gov/WIOA/

  • U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2004). Public community colleges and technical schools: Most schools use both credit and noncredit programs for workforce development (GAO-05-04). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Horn, C. E., & Fichtner, A. (2011). Eligible training provider lists and consumer report cards. In D. J. Besharov & P. H. Cottingham (Eds.), The Workforce Investment Act: Implementation experiences and evaluation of findings (pp. 153–173). Kalamazoo, MI: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Van Noy, M., Jacobs, J., Korey, S., Bailey, T., & Hughes, K. L. (2008). Noncredit enrollment in workforce education: State policies and community college practices. Washington, DC: American Association of Community Colleges. Retrieved from http://www.aacc.nche.edu/noncreditenroll

  • Visher, M. G., & Fowler, D. (2006). Working it out: Community colleges and the workforce investment act [Report]. Berkeley, CA: Institute for the Study of Family, Work, and Community, MPR Associates Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voorhees, R. A., & Milam, J. H. (2005). The hidden college: Noncredit education in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.voorheesgroup.org/voorheesgroup-pubs/Hidden%20College.pdf

  • Waits, T., Setzer, J. C., & Lewis, L. (2005). Dual credit and exam-based courses in U.S. public high schools: 2002–03 (NCES 2005–009). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Educational Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, X. (2009). Baccalaureate attainment and college persistence of community college transfer students at four-year institutions. Research in Higher Education, 50, 570–588. doi:10.1007/s11162-009-9133-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White House. (2009, July 14). Below are excerpts of the President’s remarks in Warren, Michigan today and a fact sheet on the American Graduation Initiative (Press Release). Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Excerpts-of-the-Presidents-remarks-in-Warren-Michigan-and-fact-sheet-on-the-American-Graduation-Initiative

  • White House. (2010, October 5). Remarks by the President and Dr. Jill Biden at White House summit on community colleges. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2010/10/05/remarks-president-and-dr-jill-biden-white-house-summit-community-college

  • White House. (2014). Ready to work: Job-driven training and American opportunity. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/skills_report.pdf

  • Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act of 2014, H.R. 803, 113th Cong. (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yarnall, L. (2014). Meeting 2020 workforce goals: The role of industry-college collaboration and goals for instructional design. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 38, 250–260. doi:10.1080/10668926.2014.851976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zarkesh, M., & Beas, A. M. (2004). UCLA community college review: Performance indicators and performance-based funding in community colleges. Community College Review, 31(4), 62–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zinser, R. W., & Hanssen, C. E. (2006). Improving access to the baccalaureate: Articulation agreements and the National Science Foundation’s advanced technological education program. Community College Review, 34, 27–43. doi:10.1177/0091552106289905

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zylka, S. (1999). Who is our customer in continuing education? Michigan Community College Journal, 5(1), 61–73.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mark M. D’Amico .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

D’Amico, M.M. (2016). Community College Workforce Development in the Student Success Era. In: Paulsen, M. (eds) Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research. Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, vol 31. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26829-3_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26829-3_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-26828-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-26829-3

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics