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Welfare Is Affected by Nutrition Through Health, Especially Immune Function and Inflammation

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Nutrition and the Welfare of Farm Animals

Part of the book series: Animal Welfare ((AWNS,volume 16))

Abstract

Welfare, for an animal, means the possibility to cope with the environment of life and to avoid, as much as possible, pain and suffering. It is obvious that good health is of paramount importance for this objective; nevertheless, not only clinical conditions but also any mild malaise status should be avoided for better results. The relationship between nutrition and health is well known; in fact, as well as offering nutrients for maintenance, growth, and reproduction, diet can influence health in a variety of ways: it can directly affect the fitness of infectious pathogens, detrimentally alter the environment in which they reside, and improve host resistance to the pathogens. Since host resistance to infection is mediated to a large extent through involvement of its immune system, the focus here is also on the effects of nutritional environment on immune responses, particularly to gastrointestinal parasites. We consider a variety of nutritional compounds, such as macro- and micronutrients and also secondary plant metabolites with evidence available of the effects on immunoregulation.

Good nutrition can affect animal health, avoiding tissue damage or metabolic disorders associated with deficiencies and excesses of nutrients. It also provides resilience against poisonous compounds found in toxic plants or produced by fungi growing on feed. Good nutrition works against bacteria growing in the digestive tract in the case of diets that are too highly fermentable. Nevertheless, nutrition is also important for inflammatory response, which is a major cause of reduced welfare; in fact, good nutrition not only reduces the frequency of such events but also minimizes their intensity and duration. In particular, we consider the possible modes of action of nutrients in immune function and propose directions on how we can further advance our knowledge on interactions between nutrition, immunity and inflammatory response, and thus welfare (as well an important factor of better performance and efficiency).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto di Zootecnica, Facoltà di Agraria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy

    Giuseppe Bertoni, Erminio Trevisi & Luigi Calamari

  2. Disease Systems, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, SAC, Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK

    Jos Houdijk & Spiridoula Athanasiadou

Authors
  1. Giuseppe Bertoni
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  2. Erminio Trevisi
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  3. Jos Houdijk
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  4. Luigi Calamari
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  5. Spiridoula Athanasiadou
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Correspondence to Giuseppe Bertoni .

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  1. Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia

    Clive J. C. Phillips

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Bertoni, G., Trevisi, E., Houdijk, J., Calamari, L., Athanasiadou, S. (2016). Welfare Is Affected by Nutrition Through Health, Especially Immune Function and Inflammation. In: Phillips, C. (eds) Nutrition and the Welfare of Farm Animals. Animal Welfare, vol 16. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27356-3_5

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