Abstract
Drought stress is among widespread environmental problems limiting plant survival, growth, and productivity. However, plants adopt a number of strategies such as osmotic adjustment, which could help maintain water uptake, cell turgor, and functions of stomata by accumulating large quantities of osmolytes. The aims of this chapter are to integrate relevant data on the mechanisms of osmotic adjustment by osmolytes in plants and to illustrate the variety of mechanisms related to the genetic variation of osmotic adjustment. The different functions of the two types of osmolytes, organic solutes and inorganic ions, which play a key role in osmotic adjustment, are explained. The genetic variation of osmotic adjustment in a number of crop species has opened the way for the potential use of osmotic adjustment–related genes and molecular markers in breeding using marker-assisted selection to improve crop drought tolerance. Therefore, the chapter also focuses on commonly used protocols for quantifying osmotic adjustment as well as on approaches related to current strategies and future research directions in the improvement of plant stress resistance in crop species.
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Zivcak, M., Brestic, M., Sytar, O. (2016). Osmotic Adjustment and Plant Adaptation to Drought Stress. In: Hossain, M., Wani, S., Bhattacharjee, S., Burritt, D., Tran, LS. (eds) Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants, Vol 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28899-4_5
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