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Clinical Consequences of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract

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Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract

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Abstract

With advances in the surgical management of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), many affected children now have the capability to live well into adult life. Specific medical attention in this patient population must focus on the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications (especially hypertension and proteinuria), as well as the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections. This chapter highlights the diagnosis, morbidity and mortality, and overall medical support required for the pediatric patient with CKD resulting from CAKUT. We also briefly highlight the emerging evidence regarding the treatment of pediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs), specifically focusing on the treatment of recurrent UTI.

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Abbreviations

ABPM:

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

ARBs:

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

BP:

Blood pressure

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

CKiD:

Chronic kidney disease in children

ESA:

Erythropoietin stimulating agent

ESRD:

End stage renal disease

GFR:

Glomerular filtration rate

KDIGO:

Kidney disease improving global outcomes

KDOQI:

Kidney disease outcomes quality initiative

LVH:

Left ventricular hypertrophy

MAP:

Mean arterial blood pressure

NAPRTCS:

North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies

UPEC:

Uropathogenic E. coli

USRDS:

United States Renal Data System

UTI:

Urinary tract infection

VUR:

Vesicoureteral reflux

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA

    Donna J. Claes M.D., M.S., B.S.Pharm.

  2. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Prasad Devarajan M.D., F.A.A.P.

Authors
  1. Donna J. Claes M.D., M.S., B.S.Pharm.
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  2. Prasad Devarajan M.D., F.A.A.P.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Prasad Devarajan M.D., F.A.A.P. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

    Amin J. Barakat

  2. Division of Pediatric Urology, Children’, George Washington University School of M, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

    H. Gil Rushton

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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Claes, D.J., Devarajan, P. (2016). Clinical Consequences of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. In: Barakat, A., Rushton, H. (eds) Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29219-9_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29219-9_14

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-29217-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29219-9

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