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The Established Therapies: HF-PEF and HF-REF

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Pharmacologic Trends of Heart Failure

Part of the book series: Current Cardiovascular Therapy ((CCT))

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Abstract

Over the last few decades, our understanding of the pathophysiology, and subsequently treatment, of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has grown considerably. While diuretics and digoxin were once the pillars of treatment for HFrEF, they did not offer any mortality benefits. The discovery of beta blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I), angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB’s), potassium-sparing diuretics, and their utility in the setting of HFrEF has greatly improved outcomes among these patients.

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  1. Division of Cardiology, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA, 70121, USA

    Arthur Menezes MD, Selim R. Krim MD & Hector O. Ventura MD

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  1. Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Hector O. Ventura

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Menezes, A., Krim, S.R., Ventura, H.O. (2016). The Established Therapies: HF-PEF and HF-REF. In: Ventura, H. (eds) Pharmacologic Trends of Heart Failure. Current Cardiovascular Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30593-6_1

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