Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Women’s Resourcefulness in the Informal Economy: Evidence from Jordan

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Exploring Resources, Life-Balance and Well-Being of Women Who Work in a Global Context

Abstract

In this chapter we explore the resourceful entrepreneurial activities of refugee and displaced women and thus contribute to enriching contemporary research about women and the resources they use to function in the work environment over their work lifespan. We also respond to calls for enhancing current understandings of entrepreneurship within the informal economy. Through a series of exploratory in-depth interviews undertaken in January 2013 with desperately poor, refugee and displaced women operating in Jordan’s informal economy, we uncover expansive resourcefulness in their entrepreneurial activities that helps them overcome the inadequacies and flawed strategies of international aid agencies that create turbulent competition among the ethnically diverse groups of refugee and displaced women. However, given that the women’s socio-political positioning remains unaltered, we question whether entrepreneurial action is a sustainable, long-term strategy for individual change.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abu-Lughod, L. (2009). Dialects of women’s empowerment: the international circuitry of the Arab human development report 2005. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 41(1), 83–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahl, H. (2006). Why research on women entrepreneurs needs new directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 595–621.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Dajani, H., & Carter, S. (2010). Women empowering women: How female entrepreneurs support home-based producers in Jordan. In C. Brush, A. De Bruin, E. Gatewood, & C. Henry (Eds.), Women entrepreneurs and the global environment for growth: A research perspective (pp. 118–137). Northampton, UK: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Dajani, H., & Marlow, S. (2010). The impact of women’s home-based enterprise on marriage dynamics: evidence from Jordan. International Small Business Journal, 28(5), 470–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Dajani, H., & Marlow, S. (2013a). Empowerment and entrepreneurship: a theoretical framework. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 19(5), 503–524.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Dajani, H., & Marlow, S. (2013b). “It’s a civic and moral responsibility”: Analysing Arab women’s entrepreneurship as an articulation of political activism. Paper presented at the 8th international conference in critical management studies, Manchester, UK, July

    Google Scholar 

  • Alnsour, J., & Meaton, J. (2014). Housing conditions in Palestinian refugee camps, Jordan. Cities, 36, 65–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez, S. A., & Barney, J. (2007). Discovery and creation: Alternative theories of entrepreneurial action. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1, 11–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, T., & Nelson, R. (2005). Creating something from nothing: Resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50, 329–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatt, E. (2006). We are poor but so many: The story of self-employed women in India. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruton, G. (2011). Garry Bruton discusses his research on entrepreneurship & emerging economies. Scientist Interview: Science Watch, http://www.sciencewatch.com/inter/aut/2011/11-feb/11febBrut/ Accessed 28 October 2011.

  • Calás, M. B., Smircich, L., & Bourne, K. A. (2009). Extending the boundaries: Reframing “entrepreneurship as social change” through feminist perspectives. Academy of Management Review, 34, 552–569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, M., & Chen, M. (2002). Globalization and the informal economy: How global trade and investment impact on the working poor. Geneva, Switzerland: The Informal Economy Working Paper No. 1, Policy Integration Department, International Labor Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, M., & Chen, M. (2004). Globalization, social exclusion and work with special reference to informal employment and gender. Geneva, Switzerland: Working Paper No. 20, Policy Integration Department, International Labor Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castells, M., & Portes, A. (1989). World underneath: the origins, dynamics and effects of the informal economy. In A. Portes, M. Castells, & L. A. Benton (Eds.), The informal economy: Studies in advanced and less developing countries (pp. 19–42). Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chant, S., & Pedwell, C. (2008). Women, gender and the informal economy: An assessment of ILO research and suggested ways forward. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charmes, J. (1998). Street vendors in Africa: Data and methods. New York: United Nations Statistical Division.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charmes, J. (2007). Statistics on informal employment in the Arab region. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charmes, J. (2009). Concepts, measurement and trends’. In J. P. Jütting & J. R. Laiglesia (Eds.), Is informal normal? Towards more and better jobs in developing countries (pp. 19–35). Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, M., Carr, M., & Vanek, J. (2004). Mainstreaming informal employment and gender in poverty reduction: A handbook for policymakers and other stakeholders. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, M., Sebstad, J., & Connell, L. (1999). Counting the invisible workforce: The case of homebased workers. World Development, 27(3), 603–610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cross, J. C. (2000). Street vendors, modernity and postmodernity: Conflict and compromise in the global economy. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 20(1), 29–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cross, J., & Morales, A. (2007). Introduction: Locating street markets in the modern/postmodern world. In J. Cross & A. Morales (Eds.), Street entrepreneurs: People, place and politics in local and global perspective (pp. 1–13). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. (2006). Planet of slums. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Soto, H. (1989). The other path: The economic answer to terrorism. London: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Soto, H. (2001). The mystery of capital: Why capitalism triumphs in the West and fails everywhere else. London: Black Swan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Destremau, B. (2007). Gender and rights in the informal economies of Arab States. Presentation for workshop on the informal economy held in Tunis, April 2007, organised by the Regional Office for Arab States, ILO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fawzi, C. (2003). Gender, poverty and employment in the Arab region. Geneva, Switzerland: Capacity-Building Program on Gender, Poverty and Employment, Discussion Paper, International Labor Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feige, E. L. (1990). Defining and estimating underground and informal economies: The new institutional economics approach. World Development, 18, 989–1002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fortin, B., Garneau, G., Lacroix, G., Lemieux, T., & Montmarquette, C. (1996). L’Economie Souterraine au Quebec: mythes et realites. Laval, QC, Canada: Presses de l’Universite Laval.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franck, A. K. (2012). Factors motivating women’s informal micro-entrepreneurship: Experiences from Penang, Malaysia. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 65–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallin, D. (2001). Propositions on trade unions and informal employment in time of globalization. Antipode, 19(4), 531–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geertz, C. (1963). Peddlers and princes: Social change and economic modernization in two Indonesian towns. Chicago: University of Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R. (2013). Gendered spaces of informal entrepreneurship in Soweto, South Africa. Urban Geography, 34(1), 86–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurtoo, A., & Williams, C. C. (2011). Women entrepreneurs in the Indian informal sector: Marginalisation dynamics or institutional rational choice? International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 3(1), 6–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, K. (1973). Informal income opportunities and urban employment in Ghana. Journal of Modern African Studies, 11(1), 61–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hausmann, R., Tyson, L., & Zahidi, S. (2012). The global gender gap report 2012. Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holloway, I., & Wheeler, S. (2013). Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huault, I., Perret, V., & Spicer, A. (2014). Beyond macro- and micro- emancipation: Rethinking emancipation in organisation studies. Organisation, 21(1), 22–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, K. D., Jennings, J. E., Brush, C., Carter, S., & Welter, F. (2012). Extending women’s entrepreneurship research in new directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(3), 429–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • International Labour Office (ILO). (2002). Women and men in the informal economy. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labor Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Labour Office (ILO). (2006). Decent work for women and men in the informal economy: Profile and good practices in Cambodia. Geneva: International Labor Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Labour Office (ILO). (2007). Gender equality and workers’ rights in the informal economies of Arab states: Training component outline. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Labour Office (ILO). (2013). Statistical update on employment in the informal economy. Geneva, Switzerland: ILO Department of Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Labour Office (ILO). (2014). ILO Response to the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Jordan and Lebanon. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Monetary Fund (IMF). (2013). Regional economic outlook: Middle East and Central Asia. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, L., Cornwell, G. T., & Findeis, J. L. (1995). Informal work in nonmetropolitan Pennsylvania. Rural Sociology, 60(1), 91–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jütting, J. P., & Laiglesia, J. R. (2009). Employment, poverty reduction and development: What’s new? In J. P. Jütting & J. R. Laiglesia (Eds.), Is informal normal? Towards more and better jobs in developing countries. Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, N. (2004). Using templates in the thematic analysis of text. In N. King, C. Cassell, & G. Symon (Eds.), Essential guide to qualitative methods in organisational research (pp. 256–270). London: Sage.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lemieux, T., Fortin, B., & Frechette, P. (1994). The effect of taxes on labor supply in the underground economy. American Economic Review, 84(1), 231–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • León, J. (2009). Handicraft trade and women entrepreneurs: A case study in Lima, Perú. Ottowa: North–South Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, A. (1959). The theory of economic growth. London: Allen and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maloney, W. F. (2004). Informality revisited. World Development, 32(7), 1159–1178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marlow, S., & McAdam, M. (2013). Advancing debate and challenging myths – Exploring the alleged case of the under-performing female entrepreneur. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 19(1), 114–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McInnis-Dittrich, K. (1995). Women of the shadows: Appalachian women’s participation in the informal economy. Affilia: Journal of Women and Social Work, 10(4), 398–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Migration Policy Centre. (2014). Syrian refugees: A snapshot of the crisis in the Middle East and Europe – Jordan report. http://syrianrefugees.eu/?page_id = 87 Accessed 4 March 2014.

  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minard, S. C. L. (2009). Valuing entrepreneurship in the informal economy in Senegal. Social Enterprise Journal, 5(3), 186–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minority Rights Group International. (2008). World directory of minorities and indigenous peoples – Jordan: Palestinians. http://www.refworld.org/docid/49749cfcc.html. Accessed 16 May 2013.

  • Mosedale, S. (2005). Assessing women’s empowerment: Towards a conceptual framework. Journal of International Development, 17, 243–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neergaard, H., Frederiksen, S., & Marlow, S. (2011, June). The emperor’s new clothes: Rendering a feminist theory of entrepreneurship visible. Paper presented at the 56th ICSB conference, Stockholm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, E., & Bruijn, E. (2005). The voluntary formation of enterprises in a developing economy: The case of Tanzania. Journal of International Development, 17, 575–593.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, N. (1997). How women and men get by and still get by, only not so well: The sexual division of labor in the informal sector of a Nairobi squatter settlement. In J. Gugler (Ed.), Cities in the developing world: Issues, theory, policy (pp. 141–165). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olwan, M., & Shiyab, A. (2012). Forced migration of Syrians to Jordan: An exploratory study. San Domenico di Fiesole (FI), Italy: Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Packard, T. (2007). Do workers in Chile choose informal employment? A dynamic analysis of sector choice. Washington, DC: World Bank Latin American and the Caribbean Region Social Projection Unit.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Perry, G. E., & Maloney, W. F. (2007). Overview: Informality – Exit and exclusion. In G. E. Perry, W. F. Maloney, O. S. Arias, P. Fajnzylber, A. D. Mason, & J. Saavedra-Chanduvi (Eds.), Informality: Exit and exclusion (pp. 1–20). Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Pines, A. M., Lerner, M., & Schwartz, D. (2010). Gender differences in entrepreneurship: equality, diversity and inclusion in times of global crisis. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: an International Journal, 29(2), 186–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Portes, A., & Roberts, B. (2005). The free-market city: Latin American urbanization in the years of the neoliberal experiment. Studies in Comparative International Development, 40(1), 43–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rancière, J. (2009). The emancipated spectator. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rindova, V., Barry, D., & Ketchen, D. J. (2009). Entrepreneuring as emancipation. Academy of Management Review, 34(3), 477–491.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rouse, J., Treanor, L., & Fleck, E. (2013). The gendering of entrepreneurship: Theoretical and empirical insights. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 19(6), 452–459.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2012). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sang, K., Al‐Dajani, H., & Özbilgin, M. (2013). Frayed careers of migrant female professors in British Academia: An intersectional perspective. Gender, Work & Organisation, 20(2), 158–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sassen, S. (1997). Informalisation in advanced market economies (Issues in development discussion paper 20). Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Organisation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, F. (Ed.). (2008). The hidden economy. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, F., & Bajada, C. (2005). An international comparison of underground economic activity. In C. Bajada & F. Schneider (Eds.), Size, causes and consequences of the underground economy: An international perspective. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slavnic, Z. (2010). Political economy of informalization. European Societies, 12(1), 3–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Small Business Council. (2004). Small business in the informal economy: Making the transition to the formal economy. London: Small Business Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, K. A. (2004). Routes to the informal economy in New York’s East village: Crisis, economics and identity. Sociological Perspectives, 47(2), 215–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stillerman, J., & Sundt, C. (2007). Embeddedness and business strategies amongst Santiago Chel’s street and flea market vendors. In J. Cross & A. Morales (Eds.), Street entrepreneurs: People, place and politics in local and global perspective (pp. 180–198). London: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Taiwo, O. (2013). Employment choice and mobility in multi-sector labour markets: Theoretical model and evidence from Ghana. International Labour Review, 152(3–4), 469–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tobin, S. (2011). Jordan’s Arab Spring: The middle class and anti-revolution. Washington, DC: Middle East Policy Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tokman, V. (2001). Integrating the informal sector on the modernization process. SAIS Review, 21(1), 45–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Development Program (UNDP). (2012). Thinking differently about the poor findings from poverty pockets survey in Jordan, United Nations United Nations Development Programme. Jordan: Department of Statistics, and Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). (2010). UNHCR global report 2009, Iraq. http://www.refworld.org/docid/4c57cc550.html. Accessed 02 November 2013.

  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). (2014). 2014 UNHCR country operations profile – Jordan. http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/page?page = 49e486566. Accessed 13 April 2014.

  • Venkatesh, S. A. (2006). Off the books: The underground economy of the urban poor. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wall Street Journal. (2013, September). Ten largest refugee camps. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323932604579052742703621858. Accessed 22 December 2013.

  • Webb, J. W., Tihanyi, L., Ireland, R. D., & Sirmon, D. G. (2009). You say illegal, I say legitimate: Entrepreneurship in the informal economy. Academy of Management Review, 34(3), 492–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weger, H., Jr., Castle, G. R., & Emmett, M. C. (2010). Active listening in peer interviews: The influence of message paraphrasing on perceptions of listening skill. The International Journal of Listening, 24(1), 34–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welter, F. (2011). Contextualising entrepreneurship – Conceptual challenges and ways forward. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1), 165–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welter, F., Brush, C., & De Bruin, A. (2014). The gendering of entrepreneurship context (No. 01/14). Working Paper, Institut für Mittelstandsforschung (IfM) Bonn. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/95879

  • Wilkinson-Weber, C. M. (2001). Gender, handicrafts, and development in Pakistan: A critical review. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies, 8(2), 91–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. C. (2013). Beyond the formal economy: Evaluating the level of employment in informal sector enterprises in global perspective. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 18(4). doi: 10.1142/S1084946713500271

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. C. (2006). The hidden enterprise culture: Entrepreneurship in the underground economy. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. C. (2009a). Explaining participation in off-the-books entrepreneurship in Ukraine: A gendered evaluation. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 5(4), 497–513.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. C. (2009b). Informal entrepreneurs and their motives: A gender perspective. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 1(3), 219–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. C., & Gurtoo, A. (2011a). Women entrepreneurs in the Indian informal sector: Marginalisation dynamics or institutional rational choice? International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 3(1), 6–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. C., & Gurtoo, A. (2011b). Evaluating women entrepreneurs in the informal sector: Some evidence from India. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 16(3), 351–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. C., & Lansky, M. (2013). Informal employment in developed and emerging economies: Perspectives and policy responses. International Labour Review, 152(3–4), 355–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. C., & Martinez-Perez, A. (2014). Is the informal economy an incubator for new enterprise creation? A gender perspective. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 20(1), 4–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. C., & Nadin, S. (2010). Entrepreneurship and the informal economy: An overview. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 15(4), 361–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. C., & Nadin, S. (2011). Theorising the hidden enterprise culture: The nature of entrepreneurship in the shadow economy. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 14(3), 334–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. C., Nadin, S., & Rodgers, P. (2012). Evaluating competing theories of informal entrepreneurship: Some lessons from Ukraine. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 18(5), 528–543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. C., & Round, J. (2009). Evaluating informal entrepreneurs’ motives: Some lessons from Moscow. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 15(1), 94–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. C., & Round, J. (2010). Spatial variations in the character of off-the-books entrepreneurship: Lessons from a study of contrasting districts in Moscow. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 10(2), 287–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. C., Round, J., & Rodgers, P. (2010). Explaining the off-the-books enterprise culture of Ukraine: Reluctant or willing entrepreneurship? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 10(2), 165–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. C., & Youssef, Y. (2013). Evaluating the gender variations in informal sector entrepreneurship: Some lessons from Brazil. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 18(1), 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Futures Entrepreneurship Centre, Plymouth Business School, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK

    Haya Al-Dajani

  2. Hunter Centre for Entrepreneurship, Strathclyde Business School, University of Strathclyde, Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G40QU, UK

    Sara Carter

  3. Inter-disciplinary Centre of the Social Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

    Colin Williams

Authors
  1. Haya Al-Dajani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sara Carter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Colin Williams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haya Al-Dajani .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Independent Practitioner, Goole, United Kingdom

    Roxane L Gervais

  2. School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia

    Prudence M. Millear

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Al-Dajani, H., Carter, S., Williams, C. (2016). Women’s Resourcefulness in the Informal Economy: Evidence from Jordan. In: Gervais, R., Millear, P. (eds) Exploring Resources, Life-Balance and Well-Being of Women Who Work in a Global Context. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31736-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31736-6_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31734-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-31736-6

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation