Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Neutron-Induced Fission

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Discovery of Isotopes

  • 1562 Accesses

Abstract

The discovery of fission and the subsequent successful construction of nuclear reactors opened up a whole new area of the nuclear chart. Hundreds of medium-mass neutron-rich isotopes were discovered among fission fragments. Very short-lived isotopes came into reach with the development of online mass separators in the 1970s. The discovery of these fragments produced in reactors as well as at accelerator facilities are described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. L. Meitner, O.R. Frisch, Nature 143, 239 (1939)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. O. Hahn, F. Strassmann, Naturwissenschaften 27, 11 (1939)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. A.C. Wahl, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 39, 1 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. O. Kofoed-Hansen, K.O. Nielsen, Phys. Rev. 82, 96 (1951)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. The Plutonium Project, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68 (1946) 2411; Rev. Mod. Phys. 18 (1946) 513

    Google Scholar 

  6. C.D. Coryell, N. Sugarman (eds.), in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951)

    Google Scholar 

  7. R.W. Nottorf, in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products, Paper 77. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 682

    Google Scholar 

  8. L.E. Glendenin, Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products, Paper 115. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 849

    Google Scholar 

  9. E.P. Steinberg, D. Engelkemeir, in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products, Paper 54. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 566

    Google Scholar 

  10. S. Katcoff, B. Finkle, in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products, Paper 83. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 705

    Google Scholar 

  11. J.A. Seiler, in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products, Paper 119. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 860

    Google Scholar 

  12. S. Katcoff, in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products, Paper 172. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 1147

    Google Scholar 

  13. L. Winsberg, in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products, Paper 197. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 1292

    Google Scholar 

  14. L. Winsberg, in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products, Paper 198. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 1311

    Google Scholar 

  15. C.R. Dillard et al., in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products, Paper 68. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 624

    Google Scholar 

  16. H. Gest, R.R. Edwards, in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products, Paper 171. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 1144

    Google Scholar 

  17. L. Winsberg, in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products, Paper 198. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 1302

    Google Scholar 

  18. J.M. Siegel, L.E. Glendenin, in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products, Paper 53. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 549

    Google Scholar 

  19. C.W. Stanley, L.E. Glendenin, in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products, Paper 134. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 947

    Google Scholar 

  20. L. Winsberg, in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products, Paper 196. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 1284

    Google Scholar 

  21. L.E. Glendenin, in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products, Paper 159. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 1092

    Google Scholar 

  22. W.E. Grummitt, G. Wilkinson, Nature 158, 163 (1946)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. J.A. Marinsky, L.E. Glendenin, C.D. Coryell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69, 2781 (1947)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. W.E. Grummitt, G. Wilkinson, Nature 161, 520 (1948)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. N. Sugarman, J. Chem. Phys. 17, 11 (1949)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. S. Katcoff, J.A. Miskel, C.W. Stanley, Phys. Rev. 74, 631 (1948)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. R.J. Hayden, Phys. Rev. 74, 650 (1948)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. C.W. Stanley, S. Katcoff, J. Chem. Phys. 17, 653 (1949)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. N. Sugarman, Phys. Rev. 75, 1473 (1949)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. N. Sugarman, H. Richter, J. Chem. Phys. 18, 174 (1950)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. E.P. Steinberg, L.E. Glendenin, Phys. Rev. 78, 624 (1950)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. S. Katcoff, O.A. Schaeffer, J.M. Hastings, Phys. Rev. 82, 688 (1951)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. J.W. Barnes, A.J. Freedman, Phys. Rev. 84, 365 (1951)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. M.S. Livingston, H.A. Bethe, Rev. Mod. Phys. 9, 245 (1937)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. G.T. Seaborg, Rev. Mod. Phys. 16, 1 (1944)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. R.I. Powers, A.F. Voigt, Phys. Rev. 79, 175 (1950)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. I. Curie, P. Savitch, J. Phys. Radium 9, 355 (1938)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. O. Hahn, F. Strassmann, Naturwissenschaften 30, 324 (1942)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. N.E. Ballou, W.H. Burgus, in Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products, Paper 177. National Nuclear Energy Series IV, vol. 9 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1951), p. 1168

    Google Scholar 

  40. M.W. Rosenthal, An Account of Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Thirteen Nuclear Reactors, ORNL/TM-2009/181, August 2009 (revised March 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  41. N. Feather, Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 34, 599 (1938)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. A.H. Snell, Phys. Rev. 52, 1007 (1937)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. G.T. Seaborg, J.J. Livingood, G. Friedlander, Phys. Rev. 59, 320 (1941)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. A. Vanden, Bosch. Physica 19, 374 (1953)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. D.R. Wiles, C.D. Coryell, Phys. Rev. 96, 696 (1954)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. J. Flegenheimer, W. Seelmann-Eggebert, Z. Naturforsch. 9a, 806 (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  47. G.B. Baró, P. Rey, W. Seelmann-Eggebert, Z. Naturforsch. 10a, 81 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  48. J. Flegenheimer, G.B. Baró, A. Medina, Z. Naturforsch. 10a, 798 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  49. I. Fränz, J. Rodriguez, R. Radicella, Z. Naturforsch. 11a, 1037 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  50. D.R. Wolfsberg et al., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 12, 201 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. A.C. Wahl et al., Phys. Rev. 126, 1112 (1962)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. P.O. Aronsson, G. Skarnemark, M. Skarestad, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 36, 1689 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. D. Strominger, J.M. Hollander, G.T. Seaborg, Rev. Mod. Phys. 30, 585 (1958)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. P.O. Aronsson et al., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 36, 2397 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. A.A. Caretto Jr., S. Katcoff, Phys. Rev. 89, 1267 (1953)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. S.S. Markowitz, W. Bernstein, S. Katcoff, Phys. Rev. 93, 178 (1954)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. A.C. Pappas, D.R. Wiles, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 2, 69 (1956)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. G.J. Perlow, A.F. Stehney, Phys. Rev. 113, 1269 (1959)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. J.D. Knight et al., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 10, 183 (1959)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. R.P. Schuman, E.H. Turk, R.L. Heath, Phys. Rev. 115, 185 (1959)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. J.E. Sattizahn, J.D. Knight, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 12, 206 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. C.J. Orth, R.K. Smith, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 15, 4 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. K. Fritze, T.J. Kennett, Can. J. Phys. 38, 1614 (1960)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. K. Fritze, T.J. Kennett, W.V. Prestwich, Can. J. Phys. 39, 67 (1961)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. B.J. Dropesky, C.J. Orth, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 24, 1301 (1962)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. P. Kienle et al., Naturwissenschaften 49, 294 (1962)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. P. Kienle et al., Naturwissenschaften 49, 295 (1962)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. K. Fritze, Can. J. Chem. 40, 1344 (1962)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. P. Kienle et al., Radiochim. Acta 1, 84 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. C.E. Bemis, G.E. Gordon, C.D. Coryell, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 26, 213 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. A.E. Greendale, D.L. Love, Anal. Chem. 35, 1712 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. D.C. Hoffman, W.R. Daniels, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 26, 1769 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. A. von Baeckmann, H. Feuerstein, Radiochim. Acta 4, 111 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. H.V. Weiss, Phys. Rev. 139, B304 (1965)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. P.O. Strom et al., Phys. Rev. 144, 984 (1966)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. P. del Marmol, M. Nève de Mévergnies, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 29, 273 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. K. Fritze, K. Griffiths, Radiochim. Acta 7, 59 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  78. K. Griffiths, K. Fritze, Z. Anal, Chem. 226, 122 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  79. K. Hübenthal, C. R. Acad. Sci. 264, 1468 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  80. L. Tomlinson, M.H. Hurdus, Phys. Lett. B 25, 545 (1967)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  81. L. Tomlinson, M.H. Hurdus, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 30, 1995 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. L. Wish, Phys. Rev. 172, 1262 (1968)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  83. H.V. Weiss, J.L. Elzie, J.M. Fresco, Phys. Rev. 172, 1269 (1968)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. H.V. Weiss, J.M. Fresco, W.L. Reichert, Phys. Rev. 172, 1266 (1968)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  85. P. del Marmol, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 30, 2873 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. J.D. Hastings, D.E. Troutner, R.L. Ferguson, Radiochim. Acta 11, 51 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. H.O. Denschlag, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 31, 1873 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. H.V. Weiss et al., Phys. Rev. 188, 1893 (1969)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. P. del Marmol, D.C. Perricos, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 32, 705 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. A. Wakat, C. Griffin, Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett. 2, 351 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  91. J.V. Kratz, G. Herrmann, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 32, 3713 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. L. Tomlinson, M.H. Hurdus, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 33, 3609 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. T. Izak, S. Amiel, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 34, 1469 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. H.-D. Schussler, G. Herrmann, Radiochim. Acta 18, 123 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. N. Trautmann et al., Radiochim. Acta 18, 86 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. P. del Marmol, P. Fettweis, Nucl. Phys. A 194, 140 (1972)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. J.V. Kratz, H. Franz, G. Herrmann, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 35, 1407 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. T. Tamai et al., Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 9, 1145 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. K.-L. Kratz, G. Herrmann, Nucl. Phys. A 229, 179 (1974)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  100. K.-L. Kratz, W. Lauppe, G. Herrmann, Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 11, 331 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. H. Ahrens et al., Phys. Rev. C 14, 211 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  102. G. Franz, G. Herrmann, Inorg. Nucl. Chem. Lett. 11, 857 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. N. Trautmann et al., Phys. Rev. C 13, 872 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  104. G.B. Cook, British Atomic Energy Report AERE C/R-729 June, 1951 (unpublished)

    Google Scholar 

  105. A.C. Pappas, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Technical Report No. 63, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (September 1953)

    Google Scholar 

  106. A.C. Pappas, Z. Elektrochem. 58, 620 (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  107. B. Fogelberg, A. Bäcklin, T. Nagarajan, Phys. Lett. B 36, 334 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  108. S. Amiel et al., Phys. Rev. C 5, 270 (1972)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  109. S. Borg, G.B. Holm, B. Rydberg, Nucl. Phys. A 212, 197 (1973)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  110. A. Kerek et al., Phys. Lett. B 44, 252 (1973)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  111. A. Kerek et al., Nucl. Phys. A 209, 520 (1973)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  112. B. Grapengiesser, E. Lund, G. Rudstam, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 36, 2409 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. S. Shalev, G. Rudstam, Nucl. Phys. A 230, 153 (1974)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  114. B. Fogelberg, T. Nagarajan, B. Grapengiesser, Nucl. Phys. A 230, 214 (1974)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  115. H. Gunther et al., Nucl. Phys. A 242, 56 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  116. Y. Kawase et al., Nucl. Phys. A 241, 237 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  117. K. Aleklett, G. Nyman, G. Rudstam, Nucl. Phys. A 246, 425 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  118. G. Rudstam, E. Lund, Phys. Rev. C 13, 321 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  119. E. Lund, G. Rudstam, Phys. Rev. C 13, 1544 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  120. K. Aleklett et al., Nucl. Phys. A 285, 1 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  121. L.L. Shih, J.C. Hill, S.A. Williams, Phys. Rev. C 17, 1163 (1978)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  122. F.K. Wohn et al., Phys. Rev. C 17, 2185 (1978)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  123. M.L. Gartner, J.C. Hill, Phys. Rev. C 18, 1463 (1978)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  124. E. Koglin et al., Z. Phys. A 288, 319 (1978)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  125. G. Engler et al., Phys. Rev. C 19, 1948 (1979)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  126. B. Fogelberg, P. Hoff, Nucl. Phys. A 391, 445 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  127. H. Gabelmann et al., Z. Phys. A 308, 359 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  128. J.C. Hill, H. Yamamoto, A. Wolf, Phys. Rev. C 27, 2857 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  129. P.L. Reeder, R.A. Warner, R.L. Gill, Phys. Rev. C 27, 3002 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  130. F.K. Wohn et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 873 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  131. J.C. Hill et al., Phys. Rev. C 29, 1078 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  132. P.L. Reeder et al., Phys. Rev. C 31, 1029 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  133. H. Mach et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1547 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  134. J.C. Hill et al., Phys. Rev. C 33, 1727 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  135. R.L. Gill et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1874 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  136. B. Ekström et al., Phys. Scr. 34, 614 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  137. H. Gokturk et al., Z. Phys. A 324, 117 (1986)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  138. K. Okano, Y. Kawase, K. Aoki, Radiochim. Acta 40, 57 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  139. K.-L. Kratz et al., Z. Phys. A 330, 229 (1988)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  140. Y. Kawase, K. Okano, Z. Phys. A 330, 231 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  141. I. Tago, Y. Kawase, K. Okano, Z. Phys. A 335, 477 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  142. J.P. Omtvedt et al., Z. Phys. A 338, 241 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  143. G. Rudstam, K. Aleklett, L. Sihver, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 53, 1 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  144. G. Andersson, G. Rudstam, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 29, 93 (1964)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  145. G. Rudstam, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 38, 282 (1965)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  146. S. Borg et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 91, 109 (1971)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  147. J.R. McConnell, W.L. Talbert, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 128, 227 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  148. J. Eidens, E. Roeckl, P. Armbruster, Nucl. Phys. A 141, 289 (1970)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  149. J.W. Grüter et al., Phys. Lett. B 33, 474 (1970)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  150. M. Asghar et al., Nucl. Phys. A 247, 359 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  151. B. Pfeiffer et al., J. Phys. (Paris) 38, 9 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  152. K. Shizuma et al., Phys. Rev. C 27, 2869 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  153. K. Shizuma et al., Z. Phys. A 315, 65 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  154. M. Graefenstedt et al., Z. Phys. A 327, 383 (1987)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  155. P. Armbruster et al., Europhys. Lett. 4, 793 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  156. M. Graefenstedt et al., Z. Phys. A 336, 247 (1990)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  157. A.M. Poskanzer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 17, 1271 (1966)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Michael Thoennessen

Authors
  1. Michael Thoennessen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Thoennessen .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Thoennessen, M. (2016). Neutron-Induced Fission. In: The Discovery of Isotopes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31763-2_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation