Skip to main content

Slum Improvement Lessons in Africa: Kibera

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Learning from the Slums for the Development of Emerging Cities

Part of the book series: GeoJournal Library ((GEJL,volume 119))

Abstract

Kibera is Kenya’s largest slum and one the most notorious and unsanitary informal settlements in Africa. With around 240,000 inhabitants Kibera plays an important role in Nairobi’s booming economy. Kibera’s notoriety stems from its lack of a basic functional infrastructure and its contested legal status as residents are excluded from formal access to land, housing and basic urban services. After decades of underperforming policies and failed upgrading projects, new legislation, policies and financing instruments have been established which are set to improve overall living conditions. Major slum improvement lessons learnt from previous slum upgrading policies in Kenya emphasise the importance of community collaboration, communication strategies, capacity building, and welfare policies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Rent-seeking is the attempt to obtain economic gain by manipulating the social or political environment in which economic activities occur, e.g., by capturing privileges to illegally obtain government land.

References

  • Amis, P. (1983). A shanty town of tenants: The commercialisation of unauthorized housing in Nairobi 1960–1980. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Kent, Canterbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dafe, F. (2009). No business like slum business? The political economy of the continued existence of slums: A case study of Nairobi (London School of Economics, Working Paper Series).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gulyani, S., Talukdar, D., & Potter, C. (2006). Inside informality: Poverty, jobs, housing and services in Nairobi’s Slums (Report, 36347). Washington, DC: The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Map Kibera Project. (2010). http://mapkiberaproject.yolasite.com/maps-and-statistics.php . Accessed 25 July 2013.

  • Mulcahy, M., & Ming-Ru, C. (2008). Kibera Soweto East: A case study in slum upgrading. Journal of the Department of City & Regional Planning, University of Pennsylvania, Spring 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pamoja Trust. (2008). Nairobi slum inventory. Nairobi, Kenya (p. 176).

    Google Scholar 

  • UN-Habitat. (2003). The challenge of slums – global report on human settlements 2003. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN-Habitat. (2005). Kibera socio economic mapping: Household survey report. Nairobi: UN-Habitat.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN-Habitat. (2007). Forced evictions – Towards Solutions? Second report of the advisory group on forced evictions to the Executive Director of Habitat. Nairobi, Kenya.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN-Habitat (2008). UN-Habitat and the Kenya slum upgrading programme – Strategy document. Nairobi, Kenya.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN-Habitat (2009). Global report on human settlements 2009—Planning sustainable cities. London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN-Habitat. (2014). KENSUP projects within UN-Habitat. Nairobi. Accessed 10 Sep 2015 at http://www.rrojasdatabank.info/slums/kenyaslum09kensup1.pdf

Further Reading

  • General Bibliography – Kenya, Nairobi

    Google Scholar 

  • Alder, G. (1995). Tackling poverty in Nairobi’s informal settlements: Developing an institutional strategy. Environment and Urbanization, 7, 85–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bubba, N., & Lamba, D. (1991). Urban management in Kenya. Environment and Urbanization, 3(1), 37–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charton-Bigot, H., & Rodriguez-Torres, D. (2007). Nairobi contemporain: Les paradoxes d’une ville fragmentée. Karthala: IFRA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, H. E. (1989). National development and rural-urban policy: Past experience and new directions in Kenya. Urban Studies, 26(2), 253–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gulyani, S., & Talukdar, D. (2010). Inside informality: The links between poverty, microenterprises, and living conditions in Nairobi’s Slums. World Development, Elsevier, 38(12), 1710–1726.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hendriks, B. (2010). City-wide governance networks in Nairobi: Towards contributions to political rights, influence and service delivery for poor and middle-class citizens? Habitat International, 34, 59–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lamba, D. (1994). The forgotten half; environmental health in Nairobi’s poverty areas. Environment and Urbanization, 6, 164–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muraya, P. W. K. (2006). Urban planning and small-scale enterprises in Nairobi, Kenya. Habitat International, 30, 127–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olima, W. H. A. (1997). The conflicts, shortcomings and implications of the urban system in Kenya. Habitat International, 21, 319–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ONU-Habitat (2006). Nairobi urban sector profile rapid urban sector profiling for sustainability.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otiso, K. M. (2003). State, voluntary and private sector partnerships for slum upgrading and basic service delivery in Nairobi City, Kenya. Cities, 20, 221–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salon, D., & Aligula, E. M. (2012). Urban travel in Nairobi, Kenya: Analysis, insights, and opportunities. Journal of Transport Geography, 22, 65–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schouten, M. A. C., & Mathenge, R. W. (2010). Communal sanitation alternatives for slums: A case study of Kibera, Kenya. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Elsevier, 35, 815–822.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Specific Bibliography – Kibera

    Google Scholar 

  • Birongo, J. M., & Le, N. Q. (2004–2005). An analysis of water governance in Kibera, Kenya. Roskilde University Center, Rosenkild, Denmark.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caley, M. P. (2008). Intervention d’urgence dans le bidonville de Kibera. Acted Newsletter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohre (2007). The right to water and sanitation in Kibera. Nairobi, Kenya.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crow, B., & Adaba, E. (2009). Scarce, costly and uncertain: water access in Kibera, Nairobi (Working Paper).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekdale, B. (2012). Kibera’s history.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gulis, G., Mulumba, J. A. A., Juma, O., & Kakosova, B. (2004). Health status of people of slums in Nairobi, Kenya. Environmental Research, 96, 219–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karanja, J. M., & Ng’ang’a, E. (2008). Sanitation and hygiene in Kibera Slums, Nairobi women concern’s and nurses promotional tools (Degree programme in Nursing Bachelor of Health Care). Helsinki: Metropolia, University of Applied Sciences.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karanja, J., Wambari, E., Okumu, D., Odhiambo, E., Kibe, M., Osawa, N., & Muthwii, S. M. (1999). A study of awareness of malaria among Kibera population; implication for community based intervention. Journal of the National Institute of Public Health, 51(1), 55–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karekezi, S., Kimani, J., & Onguru, O. (2008). Energy access among the urban poor in Kenya. Energy for Sustainable Development, XII(4), 38–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Livingston, I. (1991). A reassessment of Kenya’s rural and urban informal sector. World Development, 19, 651–670.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matrix Development Consultants Nairobi. (1993). Nairobi’s informal settlements: An inventory office of housing and urban programs. US Agency for International Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moraa, H., Otieno, A., & Salim, A. (2012). Water governance in Kenya. Hub research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Program, W. A. S. (2005). Understanding small scale providers of sanitation services: A case study of Kibera.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christoph Lüthi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Case Study: Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya

Case Study: Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya

figure a
figure b
figure c

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lüthi, C. (2016). Slum Improvement Lessons in Africa: Kibera. In: Bolay, JC., Chenal, J., Pedrazzini, Y. (eds) Learning from the Slums for the Development of Emerging Cities. GeoJournal Library, vol 119. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31794-6_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31794-6_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31792-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-31794-6

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics