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Current Approaches Towards Development of Molecular Markers in Diagnostics of Invasive Aspergillosis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Molecular Markers in Mycology

Part of the book series: Fungal Biology ((FUNGBIO))

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Abstract

The incidence of Invasive Aspergillosis (IA), an opportunistic infection is on the rise; mainly due to an increasing number of immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis of IA remains challenging and treatment options are limited. Histopathologic or cytological evidence of fungus still remains main diagnostic criteria for proven invasive Aspergillosis cases. Detection of the fungus in the specimens of immunosuppressed patients is difficult. Detection methods based on cell-wall antigens of Aspergillus such as galactomannan and β-d-glucan has been reported and are in clinical use. However cross reactivity of these tests with other fungi limits their use. Recently an Aspergillus-specific monoclonal antibody, JF5, specifically bindinggalactomannan antigen, for point-of-care diagnosis of IPA using lateral-flow technology is being examined. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays for Aspergillus has theoretical advantages but is not validated for clinical use. This necessitates development of dependable, sensitive and specific methods for the detection of Aspergilli pathogens in clinical samples. Further extensive use of antifungal drugs in prophylactic and therapeutic practice has led to development of drug resistance. Development of novel strategies for finding new biomarkers to provide early and accurate diagnosis is thus vital. Proteomics approach can provide a means to screen for both host- and pathogen-derived biomarkers that could be suitable for the diagnosis, as well as to study the host-pathogen interaction in invasive pulmonary Aspergillosis. Identification of novel biomarkers from Aspergillus and its thoughtful use in molecular and serological diagnostic techniques into clinical practice will undoubtedly improve the scope of IA diagnosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Infectious Disease, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA

    Preetida J. Bhetariya

  2. Innate Immunity Lab, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M.Street, Parel, Mumbai-12, India

    Taruna Madan

  3. Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India

    P. Usha Sarma

  4. Medical Mycology Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College – Manipal, Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India

    Peralam Yegneswaran Prakash

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  1. Preetida J. Bhetariya
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Correspondence to Peralam Yegneswaran Prakash .

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India

    Bhim Pratap Singh

  2. Department of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland

    Vijai Kumar Gupta

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Bhetariya, P.J., Madan, T., Sarma, P.U., Prakash, P.Y. (2017). Current Approaches Towards Development of Molecular Markers in Diagnostics of Invasive Aspergillosis. In: Singh, B.P., Gupta, V.K. (eds) Molecular Markers in Mycology. Fungal Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34106-4_13

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