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Antimicrobial Drug Efflux Pumps in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Efflux-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen that exhibits high-level intrinsic and acquired multiple antimicrobial resistance. In addition to the accumulation of individual drug-specific resistance mechanisms, such resistance phenotypes are attributed to the interplay between the polyspecific multidrug efflux pumps and the low outer membrane permeability, and this reflects evolution of P. aeruginosa in exposure to diverse hostile environments. A dozen drug efflux pumps, which belong to the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) superfamily, have been characterized in P. aeruginosa. Several RND pumps, as represented by MexAB-OprM and MexXY, play important roles in clinically relevant resistance, stress responses, and virulence. Regulation of these pumps is often under the control of local regulators (repressors or activators), global regulators, two-component regulatory systems, and modulators, whose mutations produce elevated antimicrobial resistance in many clinical isolates. This chapter provides an up-to-date overview of antimicrobial drug efflux pumps in P. aeruginosa with a focus on their substrates, regulation, inhibition, and clinical significance.

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Acknowledgments

The views expressed in this chapter do not necessarily reflect those of the authors’ affiliations, Health Canada or University of Franche-Comté. The authors thank Andrea Leclair for helpful reading of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Human Safety Division, Veterinary Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Xian-Zhi Li

  2. Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France

    Patrick Plésiat

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  1. Xian-Zhi Li
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  1. Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Xian-Zhi Li

  2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA

    Christopher A. Elkins

  3. University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA

    Helen I. Zgurskaya

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Li, XZ., Plésiat, P. (2016). Antimicrobial Drug Efflux Pumps in Pseudomonas aeruginosa . In: Li, XZ., Elkins, C., Zgurskaya, H. (eds) Efflux-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria. Adis, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39658-3_14

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