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Antimicrobial Drug Efflux Pumps in Staphylococcus aureus

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Efflux-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria

Abstract

The highly adaptive opportunistic human pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, contains a large number of integral membrane transport proteins important in homeostasis and pathogenesis. Included in this group are multidrug efflux pumps which play a role in antimicrobial resistance by reducing the intracellular concentration of drug compounds through active extrusion from the cell. S. aureus encodes many such drug efflux proteins, which fall into four out of the six currently recognized drug transporter families. These efflux pumps can confer host resistance against a vast number of clinically relevant antimicrobials, including macrolides, quinolones, streptogramins, and tetracyclines, as well as biocides such as biguanidines, diamidines, and quaternary ammonium compounds. The prevalence of these drug efflux determinants, either chromosomally or plasmid encoded, has been established worldwide, with clinical isolates expressing numerous multidrug transport proteins being continually identified. In addition to the characterized drug transporters, the recent surge in sequencing has also revealed a number of putative drug efflux proteins; some of these may share characteristics of known pumps, but, as seen with the recent addition of the proteobacterial antimicrobial compound efflux family, may represent proteins which are unique.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council Australia Project Grant 1002670 and a Weizmann-Australia Joint Research Program. S.A.S. is the recipient of an Australian Postgraduate Award.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia

    Sylvia A. Sapula & Melissa H. Brown

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  1. Sylvia A. Sapula
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  2. Melissa H. Brown
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Correspondence to Melissa H. Brown .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Xian-Zhi Li

  2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA

    Christopher A. Elkins

  3. University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA

    Helen I. Zgurskaya

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Sapula, S.A., Brown, M.H. (2016). Antimicrobial Drug Efflux Pumps in Staphylococcus aureus . In: Li, XZ., Elkins, C., Zgurskaya, H. (eds) Efflux-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria. Adis, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39658-3_7

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