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Medical Disorders

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Sleep Disorders in Adolescents

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Abstract

Sleep disorders are common; as such, they may coexist with medical disorders. As the human body is not an isolated entity, sleep disturbances affect control and outcome of different medical disorders and medical disorders play an important role in sleep quality and quantity. We present three very common medical disorders in children and adolescents that may affect sleep.

Poor asthma control with wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath, which occurs often at night, leads to sleep fragmentation and frequent night time awakenings. This in turn leads to daytime symptoms of sleepiness, tiredness, and decreased quality of life. Hypothyroidism must not be forgotten since some of its clinical features may overlap with patients with isolated obstructive sleep apnea. We review a case, in which, both entities interact in the same patient. Headaches, particularly migraine, are one of the most common neurological complaints in children. A comprehensive evaluation of a child or teenager with headaches should include a complete sleep history and physical examination.

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Abbreviations

AHI:

Apnea/hypopnea index

BMI:

Body mass index

CBC:

Complete blood count

CMP:

Comprehensive metabolic panel

CPAP:

Continuous positive airway pressure

ENT:

Ear nose and throat

ESS:

Epworth sleepiness scale

OSA:

Obstructive sleep apnea

PLMS:

Periodic limb movements of sleep

PSG:

Polysomnogram

RLS:

Restless legs syndrome

TPO:

Thyroid peroxidase

TSH:

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

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Disclosure

None of the authors have any financial support or conflicts of interest.

No off-label use of drugs or products has been discussed in the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, New York University Medical School, 16019 Crestline Dr., La Mirada, CA, 90638, USA

    Vicky Chiang B.S.

  2. Department of Neurology, New York University Medical School, 724 Second Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA

    Alcibiades J. Rodriguez M.D.

Authors
  1. Vicky Chiang B.S.
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  2. Alcibiades J. Rodriguez M.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alcibiades J. Rodriguez M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA

    Sanjeev V. Kothare

  2. Langone Comprehensive Epilepsy-Sleep Ctr, New York University Langone Medical Ctr., New York, New York, USA

    Rebecca Quattrucci Scott

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© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Chiang, V., Rodriguez, A.J. (2017). Medical Disorders. In: Kothare, S., Quattrucci Scott, R. (eds) Sleep Disorders in Adolescents. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41742-4_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41742-4_8

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-41741-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-41742-4

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