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Approaches for Assessment of Response of Bone Metastases to Therapies

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Bone Metastases from Prostate Cancer

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Abstract

The recent introduction of new therapeutic agents has proven alternative options in the management of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Moreover, other novel agents are being studied and developed. Bone represents the most common site of recurrence in mCRPC, occurring in more than 80 % of cases. The evaluation of treatment efficacy in bone metastatic prostate cancer (PC) is mainly focused on the assessment of patient outcomes, but the behavior of bone metastases and their changes due to the therapy are also of great interest. The impressive development of technologies offers today various options for describing the skeletal changes caused by metastases before, during, and after treatments. At present, in clinical practice, the only laboratory test currently used to measure metastatic bone progression remains prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Great importance has been progressively assumed by new modalities of metabolic imaging, such as 18F fluoride, 18F/11C choline, and 18F FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) that are flanking the traditional bone scan (BS) with 99mTc phosphonates, both with planar acquisition and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In addition, radiology, besides CT, is proposing the high performance of multimodality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that seems to guarantee a very high accuracy in evaluating skeletal involvement.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Ms. Annaluisa De Simone Sorrentino for her collaboration in preparing this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine Department, Humanitas Gavazzeni, Via M. Gavazzeni 21, 24125, Bergamo, Italy

    Emilio Bombardieri, Lucia Setti & Gianluigi Ciocia

  2. Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy

    Francesco Mungai

  3. Medical Oncology Department, Humanitas Gavazzeni, Via M. Gavazzeni 21, 24125, Bergamo, Italy

    Maria Bonomi

  4. Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS National Cancer Institute (CRO), Aviano, Italy

    Eugenio Borsatti

  5. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV – IRCCS, Padua, Italy

    Laura Evangelista

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  1. Emilio Bombardieri
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  3. Maria Bonomi
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  4. Lucia Setti
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  5. Eugenio Borsatti
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  6. Gianluigi Ciocia
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  7. Laura Evangelista
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Correspondence to Emilio Bombardieri .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Verona, Director of Metabolic Bone Diseases and Osteoncology Unit, Internal Medicine Department of Medicine, Verona, Italy

    Francesco Bertoldo

  2. IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST National Cancer Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical specialties (DIMI), School of Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Genoa, Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology (DIPOE), Genoa, Italy

    Francesco Boccardo

  3. Humanitas Gavazzeni Clinic, Clical Scientific Director Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bergamo, Italy

    Emilio Bombardieri

  4. Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular imaging Unit, Padova, Italy

    Laura Evangelista

  5. Radiation Oncology 1 and Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Riccardo Valdagni

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Bombardieri, E. et al. (2017). Approaches for Assessment of Response of Bone Metastases to Therapies. In: Bertoldo, F., Boccardo, F., Bombardieri, E., Evangelista, L., Valdagni, R. (eds) Bone Metastases from Prostate Cancer . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42327-2_18

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