Abstract
In the 2007 Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction document, published simultaneously in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, the European Heart Journal, and Circulation, five subcategories of myocardial infarction (MI) were established (Thygesen et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 50:2173–2195, 2007). The 2007 document was an updated revision of the original document from this group that had first been published in 2000 (Alpert et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 36:959–969, 2000). As noted above, in this second communication the task force defined five subtypes of MI which were retained with modest changes in the 2012 revision (Thygesen et al., Eur Heart J 33:2551–2567, 2012).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Thygesen K, Alpert JS, White HD, et al.; Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction. Universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:2525–38. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:2173–95. Circulation. 2007;116:2634–53.
Alpert JS, Thygesen K, et al. Myocardial infarction redefined – a consensus document. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:959–69.
Thygesen K, Alpert JS, White HD, Jaffe AS, Katus HA, Apple FS, et al. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:2551–67.
Devereaux PJ, Chan MT, Alonso-Coello P, et al. Association between post operative troponin levels and 30 day mortality among patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. JAMA. 2012;307:2295–304.
Dawood MM, Gutpa DK, Southern J, Walia A, Atkinson JB, Eagle KA. Pathology of fatal perioperative myocardial infarction: implications regarding pathophysiology and prevention. Int J Cardiol. 1996;57:37–44.
van Waes JA, Nathoe HM, de Graaff JC, Kemperman H, de Borst GJ, Peelen LM, van Klei WA, on behalf of the CHASE investigators. Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery and its association with short-term mortality. Circulation. 2013;127(23):2264–71.
Cohen MC, Aretz TH. Histological analysis of coronary artery lesions in fatal post-operative myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Pathol. 1999;8:133–9.
Gualandro DM, et al. Coronary plaque rupture in patients with myocardial infarction after noncardiac surgery: frequent and dangerous. Atherosclerosis. 2012;222:191–5.
Korosoglou G, Lehrke S, Mueller D, Hosch W, Kauczor HU, Humpert PM, Giannitsis E, Katus HA. Determinants of troponin release in patients with stable coronary artery disease: insights from CT angiography characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque. Heart. 2011;97:823–31.
Kavsak PA, Walsh M, Srinathan S, Thorlacius L, Buse GL, Botto F, et al. High sensitivity troponin T concentrations in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study. Clin Biochem. 2011;44:1021–4.
Saaby L, Poulsen TS, Hosbond S, Larsen TB, Pyndt Diederichsen AC, Hallas J, Thygesen K, Mickley H. Classification of myocardial infarction: frequency and features of Type 2 myocardial infarction. Am J Med. 2014;127:297–302.
Babuin L, Vasile VC, Rio Perez JA, Alegria JR, Chai HS, Afessa B, Jaffe AS. Elevated cardiac troponin is an independent risk factor for short- and long-term mortality in medical intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med. 2008;36:759–65.
Vasile VC, Chai HS, Abdeldayem D, Afessa B, Jaffe AS. Elevated cardiac troponin T levels in critically ill patients with sepsis. Am J Med. 2013;126:1114–21.
Vasile VC, Babuin L, Rio Perez JA, Alegria JR, Song LM, Chai HS, Afessa B, Jaffe AS. Long-term prognostic significance of elevated cardiac troponin levels in critically ill patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Crit Care Med. 2009;37:140–7.
Vasile VC, Chai HS, Khambatta S, Afessa B, Jaffe AS. Significance of elevated cardiac troponin T levels in critically ill patients with acute respiratory disease. Am J Med. 2010;123:1049–58.
Landesberg G, Jaffe AS, Gilon D, Levin PD, Goodman S, Abu-Baih A, Beeri R, Weissman C, Sprung CL, Landesberg A. Troponin elevation in severe sepsis and septic shock: the role of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and right ventricular dilatation. Crit Care Med. 2014;42:790–800.
Jaffe AS, Moeckel M, Giannitsis E, Huber K, Mair J, Mueller C, Plebani M, Thygesen K, Lindahl B. In search of the Holy Grail: suggestions for studies to define delta changes to diagnose or exclude acute myocardial infarction: a position paper from the study group on biomarkers of the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association. Eur Heart J. 2014;3(4):313–6.
Jaskanwal SDS, Holmes DR, Jaffe AS. Fundamental concepts of effective troponin use: important principles for internists. Am J Med. 2015;128:111–9.
Apple FS, Jaffe AS, Collinson P, Moeckel M, Ordonez-Llanos J, Lindahl B, Hollander J, Plebani M, Than M, Chan MHM. IFCC educational materials on selected analytical and clinical applications of high sensitivity cardiac troponin assays. Clin Biochem. 2015;48(4–5):201–3.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Alpert, J.S., Jaffe, A.S. (2016). What Is a Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: How Is It Recognized and What Should One Do to Establish That Diagnosis?. In: Maisel, A., Jaffe, A. (eds) Cardiac Biomarkers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42982-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42982-3_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-42980-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-42982-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)