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Development of Gut Motility

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Pediatric Neurogastroenterology

Abstract

Coordinated movements of the gastrointestinal tract are regulated by multiple control systems including intrinsic and extrinsic neurons, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα)-expressing cells, and myogenic mechanisms. Studies using laboratory animals have shown that although enteric neurons develop early, the first gastrointestinal motility patterns are myogenic and not neurally mediated. However, neurally mediated contractile activity is prominent by birth and is essential for propulsive activity as shown by the bowel obstruction that occurs proximal to the aganglionic region in infants with Hirschsprung disease and in animal models of Hirschsprung disease. The development of ICC requires signaling via the tyrosine kinase receptor, Kit. Genetic alterations of Kit, and reduced ICC density, have recently been linked to a severe case of idiopathic constipation and megacolon in a child. Studies in preterm and term humans have shown that esophageal peristalsis and sphincter function mature during the late fetal and early postnatal stages. Little is known about the development of motility in the small and large bowel of human infants.

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Acknowledgment

We are grateful to the Jadcherla Lab for their assistance with this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Elizabeth A. Beckett Ph.D.

  2. Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    Heather M. Young Ph.D. & Joel C. Bornstein Ph.D.

  3. Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA

    Sudarshan R. Jadcherla MD, FRCPI, DCH, AGAF

  4. Section of Neonatology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA

    Sudarshan R. Jadcherla MD, FRCPI, DCH, AGAF

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  1. Elizabeth A. Beckett Ph.D.
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  2. Heather M. Young Ph.D.
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  3. Joel C. Bornstein Ph.D.
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  4. Sudarshan R. Jadcherla MD, FRCPI, DCH, AGAF
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Correspondence to Sudarshan R. Jadcherla MD, FRCPI, DCH, AGAF .

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  1. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada

    Christophe Faure

  2. Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom

    Nikhil Thapar

  3. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology, and Nutrition, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Carlo Di Lorenzo

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Beckett, E.A., Young, H.M., Bornstein, J.C., Jadcherla, S.R. (2017). Development of Gut Motility. In: Faure, C., Thapar, N., Di Lorenzo, C. (eds) Pediatric Neurogastroenterology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43268-7_3

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