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Neva Bay: A Technogenic Lagoon of the Eastern Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea)

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The Diversity of Russian Estuaries and Lagoons Exposed to Human Influence

Part of the book series: Estuaries of the World ((EOTW))

Abstract

The chapter is devoted to the geological development, hydrology, biology and environmental status of Neva Bay – the easternmost and shallowest part of the Gulf of Finland (the Baltic Sea). After the construction of the St. Petersburg Protection Facility, which separates Neva Bay from the Gulf of Finland, it was deliberately transformed into a technogenic lagoon. Neva Bay and its coastal zone were formed during the late Pleistocene deglaciation and Holocene sea-level fluctuations. The last very important event in Holocene geological history was the Neva River’s onset from Lake Ladoga. Since the founding of St. Petersburg in 1703, Neva Bay has been influenced by increasing anthropogenic impact. Intense dredging and dumping caused a transformation of the bottom relief and sediments. The silty clay mud of the sedimentation basins provides information about “pollution history” of Neva Bay as a result of the rapid development of industry in St. Petersburg in the twentieth century. The Neva Bay ecosystem has certain unique features. Despite intensive traffic, dredging and dumping, leading to the destruction of aquatic habitats, the living planktonic and benthic communities are characterized by their regenerative ability.

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Acknowledgements

Investigations were supported by the Federal Program of State monitoring of the geological environment (funded by the Rosnedra Agency), biological monitoring was funded by the Committee on Nature Use, Ecological Safety and Environmental Protection of the St. Petersburg city government, TOPCON’s project of the ENPI Russian-Finnish program of 2007–2013 and the Gulf of Finland, 2014.

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  1. A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI), 74, Sredny prospect, 199106, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Daria Ryabchuk, Vladimir Zhamoida & Alexander Sergeev

  2. Zoological Institute Russian Academy of Sciences (ZIN RAS), Univesitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia

    Marina Orlova & Andrey Bublichenko

  3. Saint-Petersburg Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences (SPbRC RAS), 5, Universitetskaya nabereznaya, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Julia Bublichenko

  4. Research Institute of Remote Sensing Data for Geology (NIIKAM), Branch of FGUP TSNIIMASH, Pr. Kosmonavtov 27-5-40, St. Petersburg, Russia, 196211

    Leontina Sukhacheva

Authors
  1. Daria Ryabchuk
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  2. Vladimir Zhamoida
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  3. Marina Orlova
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  4. Alexander Sergeev
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  5. Julia Bublichenko
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  6. Andrey Bublichenko
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  7. Leontina Sukhacheva
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Correspondence to Daria Ryabchuk .

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  1. P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Russian Academy of Sciences (IO RAS), Gelendzik, Russia

    Ruben Kosyan

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Ryabchuk, D. et al. (2017). Neva Bay: A Technogenic Lagoon of the Eastern Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea). In: Kosyan, R. (eds) The Diversity of Russian Estuaries and Lagoons Exposed to Human Influence. Estuaries of the World. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43392-9_7

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