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Network Access Pursuant to § 20 EnWG

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Accelerating E-Mobility in Germany

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Abstract

Against the backdrop of a growing number of e-vehicles and a user-friendly as possible access to public charging infrastructure the following statement shall be verified first

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Energiewirtschaftsgesetz vom 7. Juli 2005 (BGBl. I S. 1970, 3621), das zuletzt durch Artikel 311 der Verordnung vom 31. August 2015 (BGBl. I S. 1474) geändert worden ist.

  2. 2.

    Evers (1983, p. 23).

  3. 3.

    Evers (1983, ibidem).

  4. 4.

    Löwer (1989, p. 35).

  5. 5.

    Löwer (1989, p. 37); Evers (1983, p. 27).

  6. 6.

    Mengers (2007, p. 20).

  7. 7.

    Senke (2003, p. 54).

  8. 8.

    European Commission (2001, p. 42).

  9. 9.

    Federal Network Agency and Federal Cartel Office (2014, p. 25).

  10. 10.

    i.a. LichtBlick GmbH, Riva Energie AG, ares GmbH and Yello Strom GmbH.

  11. 11.

    A compact description can be found in Seeliger (2000, p. 661).

  12. 12.

    In addition to the network operators, however, the VIK Association of Industrial Energy and Power Economics e.V. (VIK) was involved in the association agreements. The VIK also represents large network users, mainly connected to higher voltage levels.

  13. 13.

    Federal Network Agency and Federal Cartel Office (2003, pp. 17–18); BT-Drucksache 15/3917, p. 83; Säcker (2014, pp. 18–19).

  14. 14.

    Federal Cartel Office (2000a).

  15. 15.

    Federal Cartel Office (2000b).

  16. 16.

    Federal Cartel Office (2001).

  17. 17.

    Regional Court Berlin, decision on June 27, 2000, case no. 16 O 652/99, in: ZNER 2000, pp. 142–150, p. 145.

  18. 18.

    European Commission (2001, p. 17).

  19. 19.

    „Resale“, a term coined by the Federal Network Agency as a translation for the german word „Beistellung“, can be described as the single buyer model laid down in Art. 18 of the repealed Directive 96/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 December 1996 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity.

  20. 20.

    Federal Network Agency and Federal Cartel Office (2013, p. 301).

  21. 21.

    Bartsch (2002, p. 105).

  22. 22.

    Art. 20 and 21 of Directive 2003/54/EC.

  23. 23.

    Art. 23 of Directive 2003/54/EC.

  24. 24.

    See § 3 no. 24a EnWG.

  25. 25.

    BT-Drucksache (2011)

  26. 26.

    Federal Network Agency and Federal Cartel Office (2014, p. 25).

  27. 27.

    Federal Cartel Office (2011, p. 20).

  28. 28.

    Federal Network Agency and Federal Cartel Office (2014, p. 19).

  29. 29.

    Federal Network Agency and Federal Cartel Office (2014, p. 148).

  30. 30.

    Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (2015b).

  31. 31.

    The Draft for the German charging stations regulation uses the same approach.

  32. 32.

    See Art. 2 no. 15 in conjunction with Art. 33 and Art. 34 of Directive 2009/72/EC.

  33. 33.

    For the legal concept of „effet utile“ and further sources see Potacs (2009, pp. 465–487).

  34. 34.

    Fest et al. (2010, p. 93); Feller et al. (2010, p. 240).

  35. 35.

    Left open by Lüdemann et al. (2014, p. 6); Apparently given up by de Wyl (2015); Also given up by Claus Fest, who voiced the opinion, that public charging stations are facilities sui generis, to the author in an expert talk in Berlin on April 29, 2014.

  36. 36.

    Federal Ministry for Education and Research (2009, p. 2).

  37. 37.

    European Commission (2014).

  38. 38.

    The only exception here was the so-called „Hamburger Model“, see Sect. 2.3.5.

  39. 39.

    Heinlein (2013, p. 219).

  40. 40.

    Salje (2006, p. 245), recital 201.

  41. 41.

    FCJ, Decision on October 18, 2011, case no. EnVR 68/10, recital 19.

  42. 42.

    Higher Regional Court Düsseldorf, Decision on April 05, 2006, case no. VI-3 Kart 143/06 (V), recital 24f.; FCJ, Judgement on November 10, 2004, case no. VIII ZR 391/03, recital 15; ECJ, Judgement on May 22, 2008, C 439/06 („Citiworks“), recital 49.

  43. 43.

    FCJ, Decision on October 18, 2011, case no. EnVR 68/10, recital 21.

  44. 44.

    Rejecting: Feller et al. (2010, p. 243).

  45. 45.

    Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (2015a).

  46. 46.

    Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (2015a, b, ibidem, p. 9).

  47. 47.

    Cf. Federal Network Agency in Decision of May 20, 2014; case no. BK7-13-073, p. 12.

  48. 48.

    See for example the report by ZDF-programme „WISO” (2015).

  49. 49.

    A third party network access is no longer being granted at public charging stations in the Hamburg distribution network since 2015. Staff members of Stromnetz Hamburg GmbH, the operator of the public charging infrastructure in Hamburg, confirmed this to the author during an expert talk in Hamburg on January 26, 2015.

  50. 50.

    Consenting: von Hoff (2009, pp. 342–343), Weis (2014, p. 288), Hartwig (2013, p. 482), Schau and Götz-Friedrich (2007, p. 124), Reinke (2014, p. 175); rejecting: Lüdemann et al. (2014, p. 6), Böwing (2013, p. 97), Boesche (2013, pp. 188, 201) , Keil and Schmelzer (2010, p. 566), Michaels et al. (2011, p. 831).

  51. 51.

    BT-Drs. 17/6072, p. 138.

  52. 52.

    Confirmed by the Federal Ministry for Eocnomic Affairs and Energy on April 07, 2015, see Zeit Online (2015).

  53. 53.

    For the BMW i3 a gross consumption of 16,7 kWh/100 km is stated, ADAC (2013, p. 12), https://www.adac.de/_ext/itr/tests/Autotest/AT5053_BMW_i3/BMW_i3.pdf.

  54. 54.

    Statista GmbH (2015).

  55. 55.

    FCJ, ibidem, recital 17; verbatim however described with „50−2300 KW“ (thus stating power data instead of consumption data), but this seems to be a scrivener’s error, because the judgement uses consumption data in other instances and of course camping sites normally don’t use electric power in the tune of several thousand kW, i.e. the power requirement of a large industrial customer.

  56. 56.

    FCJ, ibidem, recitals 12 and 16f.

  57. 57.

    Higher Regional Court Stuttgart, Decision on May 27, 2010, case no. 202 EnWG 1/10, recital 48.

  58. 58.

    FCJ, Decision on June 03, 2014, case no. EnVR 10/13, recital 35.

  59. 59.

    See the exemplary list in Annex A—Overview: Operators of Charging Stations.

  60. 60.

    Federal Network Agency (2010, p. 11).

  61. 61.

    Tennet Holding (2014b).

  62. 62.

    See also Peters (2012, p. 153).

  63. 63.

    See recitals no. 8 and 18 of Directive 2009/28/EC.

  64. 64.

    VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH (2012), LichtBlick (2012).

  65. 65.

    European Commission (2013).

  66. 66.

    Tennet Holding (2014a).

  67. 67.

    Franz and Fest (2013, p. 159).

  68. 68.

    PricewaterhouseCoopers (2014), Franz and Fest (2013), ibidem; Boesche (2015, p. 449).

  69. 69.

    Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (2009).

  70. 70.

    See Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg (2014, p. 29).

  71. 71.

    This was confirmed by the responsible staff member of Stromnetz Hamburg during an expert talk with the author in Hamburg on January 26, 2015.

  72. 72.

    Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg (2014, p. 11).

  73. 73.

    Ibidem.

  74. 74.

    A virtual metering point is an alphanumeric combination of characters that is issued only once and allows an unambiguous assignment of the customer within the energy industry business processes, see BDEW (2008, pp. 10–11).

  75. 75.

    See Federal Network Agency (2011, p. 24).

  76. 76.

    See § 18 para. 1 s. 2 StromNZV.

  77. 77.

    Tesla Motors, Inc. (2015).

  78. 78.

    CHAdeMO Association (2015).

  79. 79.

    Due to the limiting at 125 amps and at 400 volts, see Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy (2015, p. 12).

  80. 80.

    FCJ, case no. EnVR 68/10, recitals 14–15.

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    Markus Adam

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Adam, M. (2016). Network Access Pursuant to § 20 EnWG. In: Accelerating E-Mobility in Germany. SpringerBriefs in Law. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44884-8_2

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