Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sparse Big Data Problem. A Case Study of Czech Graffiti Crimes

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
The Rise of Big Spatial Data

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography ((LNGC))

  • 1894 Accesses

Abstract

Sparse data sets may be considered as a one of the issues of big data generating extremely uneven frequency distribution. To deal with this issue, special methods must be applied. The study is focused on the Czech graffiti crimes and selected factors (property offences, buildings, flats, garages, educational facilities, and gambling clubs) which may influence the graffiti crimes occurrence. For regression analysis decision trees with the exhaustive CHAID growing method were applied. Grid models with 100, 500 and 1000 m cells were tested. The model of 1 km grid was evaluated as the best. The most influencing factors are the occurrence of secondary schools and gambling devices enhanced for several territorial units. The results of the decision tree for 1 km grid are validated using alternative models of data aggregation—aggregation around the randomly selected building and randomly distributed points.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Act No. 40/2009, Zákon trestní zákoník (Penal Code). In: Collection of acts 9. 2. 2009. ISSN 1211-1244

    Google Scholar 

  • Alkhasawneh MS, Ngah UK, Tay LT et al (2014) Modeling and testing landslide hazard using decision tree. J Appl Math. doi:10.1155/2014/929768 Article ID 929768

    Google Scholar 

  • Andresen MA, Malleson N (2013) Spatial heterogeneity in crime analysis. In: Leitner M (ed) Crime modeling and mapping using geospatial technologies. Geotechnologie and Environmnet 8, Springer, Dordrecht. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-4997-9_1

  • Armitage R (2002) Tackling anti-social behaviour: what really works. NACRO, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandaranaike S (2001) Graffiti: a culture of aggression or assertion? The character, impact and prevention of crime in regional Australia. Australian Institute of Criminology, Townsville

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacler LH (2014) EFGS and integration of geography and statistics. In: Proceedings of EFGS Krakow. 22–24 October 2014

    Google Scholar 

  • Badard T, Kadillak M, Percivall G, Ramage S, Reed C, Sanderson M, Singh R, Sharma J, Vaillancourt L (eds) (2012) Geospatial business intelligence (GeoBI). OGC White paper. Ref. Number OGC 09-044r3

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown C, Liebovitch L (2010) Fractal analysis. SAGE. 2010, 165 s. ISBN 978-4129-7165-2

    Google Scholar 

  • Buck AJ, Hakim S, Swanson Ch, Rattner A (2003) Vandalism of vending machines: factors that attract professionals and amateurs. J Crim Justice 31(1):85–95. doi:10.1016/S0047-2352(02)00201-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen S (1969) Hooligans, vandals and the community: a study of social reaction to juvenile delinquency. PhD thesis, The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrell J (1995) Urban graffiti: crime, control, and resistance. Youth Soc 27(1):73–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fojtík D, Horák J, Orlíková L, Kocich D, Inspektor T (2016) Smart geocoding of objects. In: Proceedings of ICCC 2016, Tatranská Lomnica

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbons S (2004) The costs of urban property crime. Econ J 114(499):F441–F463. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2004.00254.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein AP (1997) Controlling vandalism: The person-environment duet. In: Conoley J, Goldstein A (eds) School violence intervention: a practical handbook. Guilford Press, New York, pp 290–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Halsey M, Young A (2002) The meanings of graffiti and municipal administration. Australian. 35(2):165–186. doi:10.1375/acri.35.2.165 ISSN 0004-8658

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendl J (2006) Přehled statistických metod zpracování dat. Portál, Praha. ISBN 80-7367-123-9

    Google Scholar 

  • Horák J, Horáková B (2007) Datové sklady a využití datové struktury typu hvězda pro prostorová data. In: Proceedings of GIS Ostrava 2007. Ostrava, 28–31 January 2007. ISSN 1213-2454

    Google Scholar 

  • Horák J, Ivan I, Drozdová M, Horáková B, Bala P (2016) Multidimensional database for crime prevention. In: Proceedings of ICCC 2016, Tatranská Lomnica

    Google Scholar 

  • Horák J, Ivan I, Horáková B (2015) OLAP for heterogeneous socio-economic data—the challenge of integration, analysis and crime prevention: a Czech case study. In: Proceedings of European forum for geography and statistics, Vienna, 10–12 November 2015

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard ER (1978) School discipline desk book. Parker, West Nyack, NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Iveson K (2007) Publics and the city, vol xii. Blackwell, Oxford. ISBN 978-140-5127-301

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lachmann R (1988) Graffiti as career and ideology. Am J Sociol 94(2):229–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ley D, Cybriwsky R (1974) Urban graffiti as territorial markers. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 64(4):491–505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loshin D (2012) Business intelligence: the savvy managers guide. MORGAN Kaufmann, Newnes, USA, p 370

    Google Scholar 

  • Marešová A (2011) Resortní statistiky – základní zdroj informací o kriminalitě v České republice. Vybrané metody kriminologického výzkumu. Institut pro kriminologii a sociální prevenci, Praha. ISBN 978-80-7338-110-3. Available at http://www.ok.cz/iksp/docs/385.pdf

  • McCormick J (2003) ‘‘Drag me to the Asylum’’: disguising and asserting identities in an urban school. Urban Rev 35(2):111–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Megler V, Banis D, Chang H (2014) Spatial analysis of graffiti in San Francisco. Appl Geogr 54:63–73. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.06.031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SPSS (2007) PASW statistics 18 command syntax reference. Documentation

    Google Scholar 

  • Stocker TL, Dutcher LW, Hargrove SM, Cook EA (1972) Social analysis of graffiti. J Am Folklore 85(338):356–366. doi:10.2307/539324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tygart C (1988) Public school vandalism: toward a synthesis of theories and transition to paradigm analysis. Adolescence 23:187–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson K, Offler N, Hirsch L, Every D, Thomas MJ, Dawson D (2012) From broken windows to a renovated research agenda: a review of the literature on vandalism and graffiti in the rail industry. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 46(8):1280–1290. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2012.04.002.ISSN09658564

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson JQ, Keeling GL (1982) Broken windows. Atl Mon 249(3):29–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson P, Healy P (1987) Research brief: graffiti and vandalism on public transport. Australian Institute of Criminology, Woden, ACT. ISBN 06-421-1868-X

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Data is provided by the courtesy of the Czech Statistical Office, Police of the Czech Republic, Czech Ministry of Finance. The research is supported by the research of the Czech Ministry of Interior, project VF20142015034 “Geoinformatics as a tool to support integrated activities of safety and emergency units”.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mining and Geology, Institute of Geoinformatics, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15/2172, 708 33, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic

    Jiří Horák, Igor Ivan, Tomáš Inspektor & Jan Tesla

Authors
  1. Jiří Horák
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Igor Ivan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tomáš Inspektor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jan Tesla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jiří Horák .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geoinformatics, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Moravskoslezsky, Czech Republic

    Igor Ivan

  2. Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom

    Alex Singleton

  3. Institute of Geoinformatics, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Moravskoslezsky, Czech Republic

    Jiří Horák

  4. Institute of Geoinformatics, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Moravskoslezsky, Czech Republic

    Tomáš Inspektor

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Cite this paper

Horák, J., Ivan, I., Inspektor, T., Tesla, J. (2017). Sparse Big Data Problem. A Case Study of Czech Graffiti Crimes. In: Ivan, I., Singleton, A., Horák, J., Inspektor, T. (eds) The Rise of Big Spatial Data. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45123-7_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation