Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Special Conditions and Follow-Up in Cervical Cancer

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cervical Cancer

  • 2578 Accesses

Abstract

The present chapter reviews cervical cancer (CC) management in conditions of various co-morbidities and provides general guidelines for the proper follow-up of patients. We address the most common special management conditions: renal insufficiency, senility, fragility, AIDS, and pregnancy.

Renal insufficiency and obstruction require patient management to be further adjusted compared to cases with a neoplasia only. The general population is living longer, thus producing a considerable increase in the prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, we are facing more cases with co-morbidities, which necessitates rethinking therapeutic options.

Both geriatric and non-geriatric patients with CC present with morbidities and conditions that limit the use of cisplatin chemotherapy, which is the standard treatment.

Other equally relevant challenges in treating patients with CC include AIDS and pregnancy; here, we aim to elucidate general principles that can orient patient management in these unique situations.

Finally, we focus on describing the ideal time of and requirements for adequate follow-up and reincorporation into daily life.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. DiSaia PJ, Creasman WT. Invasive cervical cancer. In: Clinical gynecologic oncology. 5th ed. ST Louis: Mosby; 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Horan G, McArdle O, Martin J, Collins CD, Faul C. Pelvic radiotherapy in patients with hydronephrosis in stage IIIB cancer of the cervix: renal effects and the optimal timing for urinary diversion? Gynecol Oncol. 2006;101(3):441–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Hausegger KA, Portugaller HR. Percutaneous nephrostomy and antegrade ureteral stenting: technique-indications-complications. Eur Radiol. 2006;16(9):2016–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kose O, Gorgel SN, Ozbir S, Yenigurbuz S, Kara C. Manual replacement of double j stent without fluoroscopy (Double j stent replacement). Int Surg. 2015;100(2):381–5. doi:10.9738/INTSURG-D-13-00248.1.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Kouba E, Wallen EM, Pruthi RS. Management of ureteral obstruction due to advanced malignancy: optimizing therapeutic and palliative outcomes. J Urol. 2008;180(2):444–50. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.04.008. Epub 2008 Jun 11. Review.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hogan DB, Ebly EM, Fung TS. Disease, disability, and age in cognitively intact seniors: results from the Canadian Study of health and aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1999;54(2):M77–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Erhsler WB. A gerontologist’s perspective on cancer biology and treatment. Cancer Control, J Moffitt Cancer Center. 1994;1:103–8.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Erhsler WB. Tumor-host interaction in the experimental system. In: Balducci L, Lyman GH, Ershler WB, editors. Comprehensive geriatric oncology. London: Harwood Academic Publishers; 1998. p. 201–2.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Antoni S, Soerjomataram I, Møller B, Bray F, Ferlay J. An assessment of GLOBOCAN methods for deriving national estimates of cancer incidence. Bull World Health Organ. 2016;94(3):174–84. doi:10.2471/BLT.15.164384. Epub 2016 Jan 28.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population division. World population aging: 1950–2050. New York: Naciones Unidas ; 2001.ISBN 92-1- 051092-5.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Gross JL, de Azevedo MJ, Silveiro SP, Canani LH, Caramori ML, Zelmanovitz T. Diabetic nephropathy: diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(1):164–76. Review.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Cerasola G, Mule’ G, Cottone S, Nardi E, Cusimano P. Hypertension, microalbuminuria and renal dysfunction: the Renal Dysfunction in Hypertension (REDHY) study. J Nephrol. 2008;21(3):368–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Cetina L, Rivera L, Candelaria M, de la Garza J, Dueñas-González A. Chemoradiation with gemcitabine for cervical cancer in patients with renal failure. Anticancer Drugs. 2004;15(8):761–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Cetina L, Garcia-Arias A, Uribe MJ, Candelaria M, Rivera L, Oñate-Ocaña L, Coronel J, Dueñas-Gonzalez A. Concurrent chemoradiation with carboplatin for elderly, diabetic and hypertensive patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2008;29(6):608–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Coronel JA, Cetina Ldel C, Cantú D, Cerezo O, Hernández CS, Rivera L, Chacón AP, Duenas-Gonzalez A. A randomized comparison of cisplatin and oral vinorelbine as radiosensitizers in aged or comorbid locally advanced cervical cancer patients. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2013;23(5):884–9. doi:10.1097/IGC.0b013e3182915c69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Autran R, Figueredo MK, Leite A, Souza CR, Chaorro J, Chada E. Association of cervical intraepitelial neoplasia with CD 4 T cell counts and viral loadin HIV- infected women. RBGO. 2004;26(2):56–67.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hwang JP, Granwehr BP, Torres HA, Suarez-Almazor ME, Giordano TP, Barbo AG, Lin HY, Fisch MJ, Chiao EY. HIV testing in patients with cancer at the initiation of therapy at a large US Comprehensive Cancer Center. J Oncol Pract. 2015;11(5):384–90. doi:10.1200/JOP.2015.005116. Epub 2015 Aug 4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Russomano F, Reis A, Camargo MJ, Grinszteja B, Tristao MA. Recurrence of cervical intraepitelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3 in HIV- infected women treated by large loop escisión of the transformation zone(LLETZ ). Sao Paulo Med. 2008;26(1):17–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Massad LS, Xie X, Burk RD, D’Souza G, Darragh TM, Minkoff H, Colie C, Burian P, Palefsky J, Atrio J, Strickler HD. Association of cervical precancer with human papillomavirus types other than 16 among HIV co-infected women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214(3):354.e1–6. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.09.086. Epub 2015 Nov 14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Mamprim R, Giri AA, Cavatorta AL. Nature of the papillomavirus infection in human inmunodeficiency virus- infected women. Actual. SIDA. 2009;17(64):44–51.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Denslow SA, Westreich DJ, Firnhaber C, Michelow P, Williams S, Smith JS. Bacterial vaginosis as a risk factor for high-grade cervical lesions and cancer in HIV-seropositive women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011;114(3):273–7. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.03.011. Epub 2011 Jun 16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Bower M, Palfreeman A, Alfa-Wali M, Bunker C, Burns F, Churchill D, Collins S, Cwynarski K, Edwards S, Fields P, Fife K, Gallop-Evans E, Kassam S, Kulasegaram R, Lacey C, Marcus R, Montoto S, Nelson M, Newsom-Davis T, Orkin C, Shaw K, Tenant-Flowers M, Webb A, Westwell S, Williams M, British HIV Association. British HIV Association guidelines for HIV-associated malignancies 2014. HIV Med. 2014;15(Suppl 2):1–92. doi:10.1111/hiv.12136.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Cardonick E, Iacobucci A. Use of chemotherapy during pregnancy. Lancet Oncol. 2004;5:283–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Gustafsson L, Ponten J, Zack M, et al. International incidence rates of invasive cervical cancer after introduction of cylogical screening. Cancer Causes Control. 1997;8:755–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Pavlidis NA. Coexistence of pregnancy and malignancy. Oncologist. 2002;7:279–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Mcintyre SK, Lesnock JL. Cervical cancer, screening in pregnancy. Obstet Clin N Am. 2008;35:645–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Morice P, Uzam C, Gouy S, Verschraegen C, Haie-Meder C. Gynaecological cancers in pregnancy. Lancet. 2012;379(9815):558–69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Alouini S, Rida K, Mathevet P. Cervical cancer complicating pregancy: implicatons of laparoscopic lymphadenectomy. Gynecol Oncol. 2008;108(3):472–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ishioka S, Endo T, Hayashi T, Baba T, Umemura K, Saito T. Pregnancy-related complicatons after vaginal radical trachelectomy for early-stage-invasive uterine cervical cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. 2007;12:350–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Caluwaerts S, VAN Calsteren K, Mertens L, Lagae L, Moerman P, Hanssens M, Wuyts K, Vergote I, Amant F. Neoadyuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy for invasive cervical cancer diagnosed duringe pregnancy: report of a case and review of literatura. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2006;16(2):905–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. du Bois A, Quinn M, Thigpen T, et al. 2004 consensus statements on the management of ovarian cancer: final document of the 3rd International Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup Ovarian Cancer Consensus Conference (GCIG OCCC). Ann Oncol. 2005;16:viii7–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Blanford AT, Murphy BE. In vitro metabolism of prednisolone, dexamethasone, betamethasone and cortisol by the human placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1977;127:264–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Gralla RJ, Osoba D, Kris MG, Kirkbride P, Hesketh PJ, Chinnery LW, Clark-Snow R, Gill DP, Groshen S, Grunberg S, Koeller JM, Morrow GR, Perez EA, Silber JH, Pfister DG. Recommendations for the use of antiemetics: evidence-based, clinical practice guidelines. American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:2971–94. Erratum in: J Clin Oncol 2000 Aug;18(16):3064. J Clin Oncol 1999 Dec;17(12):3860.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Sood AK, Sorosky JI, Mayr N, Anderson B, Buller RE, Niebyl J. Cervical cancer diagnosed shortly after pregnancy: pronostic variables and delivery routes. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;95:832–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Nishio H, Fujii T, Sugiyama J, Kuji N, Tanaka M, Hamatani T, Miyakoshi K, Minegishi K, Tsuda H, Iwata T, Tanaka K, Fukuchi T, Takehara Y, Yoshimura Y, Aoki D. Reproductive and obstetric outcomes after radical abdominal trachelectomy for esarly-stage cervical cancer in a series of 31 pregnancies. Hum Reprod. 2013;28(7):1793–8. doi:10.1093/humrep/det118. Epub 2013 Apr 26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Gien LT, Convens A. Fertility-sparing options for early stage cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2010;117:350–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Ness KK, Krull KR, Jones KE, Mulrooney DA, Armstrong GT, Green DM, Chemaitilly W, Smith WA, Wilson CL, Sklar CA, Shelton K, Srivastava DK, Ali S, Robison LL, Hudson MM. Physiologic frailty as a sign of accelerated aging among adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the St Jude Lifetime cohort study. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(36):4496–503. doi:10.1200/JCO.2013.52.2268. Epub 2013 Nov 18.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Jefford M, Karahalios E, Pollard A, Baravelli C, Carey M, Franklin J, Aranda S, Schofield P. Survivorship issues following treatment completion-results from focus groups with Australian cancer survivors and health professionals. J Cancer Surviv. 2008;2(1):20–32. doi:10.1007/s11764-008-0043-4. Epub 2008 Jan 25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-México, Av. San Fernando No 22, Col. Toriello Guerra, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico, 14070

    Flavia Morales-Vásquez MD, MSc & Claudia Cano-Blanco MD

  2. Clinical Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-México, Mexico City, Mexico

    Jaime Alberto Coronel-Martínez MSc & Lucely Cetina-Pérez MSc

  3. Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Español de México, Mexico City, Mexico

    Julio César Velasco-Rodríguez MD

  4. Department Surgical Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-México, Mexico City, Mexico

    Horacio N. López-Basave MD, MSc

  5. Department of Clinical Investigation, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-México, Mexico City, Mexico

    Jaime G. de la Garza-Salazar MD

Authors
  1. Flavia Morales-Vásquez MD, MSc
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Claudia Cano-Blanco MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jaime Alberto Coronel-Martínez MSc
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Lucely Cetina-Pérez MSc
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Julio César Velasco-Rodríguez MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Horacio N. López-Basave MD, MSc
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jaime G. de la Garza-Salazar MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Flavia Morales-Vásquez MD, MSc .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico

    Jaime G. de la Garza-Salazar

  2. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico

    Flavia Morales-Vásquez

  3. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico

    Abelardo Meneses-Garcia

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Morales-Vásquez, F. et al. (2017). Special Conditions and Follow-Up in Cervical Cancer. In: de la Garza-Salazar, J., Morales-Vásquez, F., Meneses-Garcia, A. (eds) Cervical Cancer. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45231-9_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45231-9_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-45230-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-45231-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation