Abstract
Entrepreneurs’ behavior remains a black box in entrepreneurship research. This is despite its importance in new venture creation. This chapter extends the review of the literature on entrepreneurs’ behavior provided by Bird and Schjoedt (2009). Despite calls for more research on entrepreneurs’ behavior, the present review reveals a reduction while an emergence of four themes is becoming apparent in research on entrepreneurs’ behavior. Making another call for more research on entrepreneurs’ behavior to better understand entrepreneurs’ behavior, this chapter concludes with suggestions for future research to enhance our understanding of entrepreneurs’ behavior.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alsos G, Isaksen E, Ljunggren E (2006) New venture financing and subsequent business growth in men- and women-led businesses. Enterp Theory Pract 30(5):667–686
Arrow K (1962) Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for invent ion’. In: Nelson R (ed) The rate direction of incentive activity: economic and social factors. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, pp 609–625
Baker JR (1993) Tightening the iron cage: concertive control in self-managing teams. Adm Sci Q 38:408–437
Bird B, Schjoedt L (2009) Entrepreneurial behavior: its nature, scope, recent research and future research. In: Carsrud AL, Brännback ME (eds) Understanding the entrepreneurial mind: opening the black box. Springer, New York, NY, pp 327–358
Bird BJ, Schjoedt L, Baum JR (2012) Entrepreneurs’ behavior: elucidation and measurement. Enterp Theory Pract 36(5):889–913
Bird BJ, Schjoedt L, Hanke R (2014) Behavior of entrepreneurs—existing research and future directions. In: Chell E, Karatas-Ozkan M (eds) Handbook of research in small business and entrepreneurship. Edward Edgar, Northampton, MA, pp 207–221
Bluedorn A, Martin G (2008) The time frames of entrepreneurs. J Bus Ventur 23(1):1–20
Brännback M, Krueger N, Carsrud A, Elfving J (2007) “Trying” to be an entrepreneur? A “goal-specific” challenge to the intentions model. Paper presented at the Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Madrid, Spain
Brundin E, Patzelt H, Shepherd DA (2008) Managers’ emotional displays and employees’ willingness to act entrepreneurially. J Bus Ventur 23(2):221–243
Brush CG, Manolova TS, Edelman LF (2008) Properties of emerging organizations: an empirical test. J Bus Ventur 23(5):547–566
Carter NM, Gartner WB, Reynolds PD (1996) Exploring start-up event sequences. J Bus Ventur 11(3):151–166
Chandler G, DeTienne DR, McKelvie A, Mumford TV (2011) Causation and effectuation processes: a validation study. J Bus Ventur 26(3):375–390
Chrisman J, McMullen E, Hall J (2005) The influence of guided preparation on the long-term performance of new ventures. J Bus Ventur 20(6):769–791
Cialdini RB (2001) Harnessing the science of persuasion. Harv Bus Rev 79(Oct.):72–79
Cloninger P, Oviatt B (2007) Service content and the internationalization of young ventures: an empirical test. Enterp Theory Pract 31(2):233–256
Cogliser CC, Brigham KH (2004) The intersection of leadership and entrepreneurship: mutual lessons to be learned. Leadersh Q 15:771–799
Czarniawska-Joerges B, Wolff R (1991) Leaders, managers, entrepreneurs on and off the organizational stage. Organ Stud 12(4):529–546
De Clercq D, Rangarajan D (2008) The role of perceived relational support in entrepreneur- customer dyads. Enterp Theory Pract 32(4):659–683
Delmar F, Shane S (2004) Legitimating first: organizing activities and the survival of new ventures. J Bus Ventur 19(3):385–410
DeTienne DR, Chandler G (2007) The role of gender in opportunity identification. Enterp Theory Pract 31(3):365–386
Digman JM (1990) Personality structure: emergence of the five-factor model. Annu Rev Psychol 41:417–440
Ebben J, Johnson A (2006) Bootstrapping in small firms: an empirical analysis of change over time. J Bus Ventur 21(6):851–865
Ebbers JJ (2014) Networking behavior and contracting relationships among entrepreneurs in business incubators. Enterp Theory Pract 38(5):1159–1181
Ensley MD, Pearce C, Hmieleski K (2006) The moderating effect of environmental dynamism on the relationship between entrepreneur leadership behavior and new venture performance. J Bus Ventur 21(2):243–263
Farmer SM, Yao X, Kung-Mcintyre K (2011) The behavioral impact of entrepreneur identity aspiration and prior entrepreneurial experience. Enterp Theory Pract 35(2):245–273
Fiegener M (2005) Determinants of board participation in the strategic decisions of small corporations. Enterp Theory Pract 29(5):627–650
Fischer E, Reuber AR (2011) Social interaction via new social media: (how) can interactions on Twitter affect effectual thinking and behavior? J Bus Ventur 26(1):1–18
Fisher G (2012) Effectuation, Causation, and Bricolage: a behavioral comparison of emerging theories in entrepreneurship research. Enterp Theory Pract 36(5):1019–1051
Fleishman EA (1982) Systems for describing human tasks. Am Psychol 37(7):821–834
Forbes D (2005) The effects of strategic decision making on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Enterp Theory Pract 29(5):599–624
Forbes D, Borchert P, Zellmer-Bruhn M, Sapienza H (2006) Entrepreneurial team formation: an exploration of new member addition. Enterp Theory Pract 30:225–248
Gartner WB, Carter NM, Reynolds PD (2004) Business start-up activities. In: Gartner WB, Shaver KG, Carter NM, Reynolds PD (eds) Handbook of entrepreneurial dynamics: the process of business creation. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp 285–298
Glaser BG, Strauss AL (1967) The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research. Aldine, Chicago
Gordon S (2012) Action’s place in the venture creation process. In: Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence, and growth, vol 14. Emerald, Bingley, pp 161–204
Gruber M (2007) Uncovering the value of planning in new venture creation: a process and contingency perspective. J Bus Ventur 22(6):782–807
Haber S, Reicheil A (2007) The cumulative nature of the entrepreneurial process: the contribution of human capital, planning and environment resources to small venture performance. J Bus Ventur 22(1):119–145
Hanlon D, Saunders C (2007) Marshaling resources to form small new ventures: toward a more holistic understanding of entrepreneurial support. Enterp Theory Pract 31(4):619–641
Hmieleski KM, Corbett AC (2008) The contrasting interaction effects of improvisational behavior with entrepreneurial self-efficacy on new venture performance and entrepreneur work satisfaction. J Bus Ventur 23:482–496
Karlsson T, Honig B (2009) Judging a business by its cover: an institutional perspective on new ventures and the business plan. J Bus Ventur 24(1):27–45
Katre A, Salipante P (2012) Start-up social ventures: blending fine-grained behaviors from two institutions for entrepreneurial success. Enterp Theory Pract 36(5):967–994
Kirzner I (1997) Entrepreneurial discovery and the competitive market process: an Austrian approach. J Econ Lit 35:60–85
Kolvereid L (1996a) Prediction of employment status choice intentions. Enterp Theory Pract 20(3):47–57
Kolvereid L (1996b) Organizational employment versus self-employment: reasons for career choice intentions. Enterp Theory Pract 21:23–31
Kolvereid L, Isaksen E (2006) New business start-up and subsequent entry into self-employment. J Bus Ventur 21(6):866–885
Komaki JL, Zlotnick S, Jenson M (1986) Development of an operant-based taxonomy and observational index of supervisory behavior. J Appl Psychol 71(2):260–269
Kreiser PM, Patel PC, Fiet JO (2013) The influence of changes in social capital on firm-founding activities. Enterp Theory Pract 37(3):539–568
Lichtenstein B, Dooley K, Lumpkin G (2006) Measuring emergence in the dynamics of new venture creation. J Bus Ventur 21(2):153–175
Lichtenstein B, Carter N, Dooley K, Gartner WB (2007) Complexity dynamics of nascent entrepreneurship. J Bus Ventur 22(2):236–261
Maxwell AL, Levesque M (2014) Trustworthiness: a critical ingredient for entrepreneurs seeking investors. Enterp Theory Pract 38(5):1057–1080
Mintzberg H (1973) The nature of managerial work. Harper & Row, New York
Mueller S, Volery T, von Siemens B (2012) What do entrepreneurs actually do? an observational study of entrepreneurs’ everyday behavior in the start-up and growth stages. Enterp Theory Pract 36:995–1017
Nagy BG, Pollack JM, Rutherford MW, Lohrke FT (2012) The influence of entrepreneurs’ credentials and impression management behaviors on perceptions of new venture legitimacy. Enterp Theory Pract 36(5):941–965
Orser B, Riding A, Manley K (2006) Women entrepreneurs and financial capital. Enterp Theory Pract 30(5):643–665
Patzelt H, Shepherd DA, Deeds D, Bradley SW (2008) Financial slack and venture managers’ decisions to seek a new alliance. J Bus Ventur 23(4):465–481
Penrose ET (1959) The theory of the growth of the firm. Wiley, New York
Pollack JM, Rutherford MW, Nagy BG (2012) Preparedness and cognitive legitimacy as antecedents of new venture funding in televised business pitches. Enterp Theory Pract 36:915–936
Pruitt D (1981) Negotiation behavior. Academic, New York
Raiffa H (1982) Art and science of negotiation. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
Rauch A, Frese M, Utsch A (2005) Effects of human capital and long-term human resources development and utilization on employment growth of small-scale businesses: a causal analysis. Enterp Theory Pract 29(6):681–698
Schjoedt L, Bird B (2014) Control variables: use, misuse, and recommended use. In: Carsrud A, Brännback M (eds) Handbook of research methods and applications in entrepreneurship and small business. Edward Elgar, Northampton, MA, pp 136–155
Schjoedt L, Valencia VS (Forthcoming) Entrepreneurial leaders and entrepreneurial managers: differences and similarities in their learning approach. In: Harrison RT, Leitch C (eds) Research handbook on entrepreneurship and leadership. Edward Elgar, Northampton, MA
Schjoedt L, Karlsson T, Schenkel MT (2015) Goal striving in real time among nascent entrepreneurs. Presented at the 2015 Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Babson College, Wellesley, MA, June 10–13, 2015
Schumpeter JA (1934) Fundamentals of economic development. In: The theory of economic development. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 65–94
Shane S, Delmar F (2004) Planning for the market: business planning before marketing and the continuation of organizing efforts. J Bus Ventur 19(6):767–785
Shaver KG (2012) Entrepreneurial action: conceptual foundations ad research challenges. In: Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence, and growth, vol 14. Emerald, Bingley, pp 279–304
Singh R, Lucas L (2005) Not just domestic engineers: an exploratory study of homemaker entrepreneurs. Enterp Theory Pract 29(1):79–90
Snader JR (1984) A strategy for selling consulting services. J Manag Consult 2(1):32
Stewart W, May R, Kalia A (2008) Environmental perceptions and scanning in the United States and India: convergence in entrepreneurial information seeking? Enterp Theory Pract 32(1):83–106
Steyaert C (1995) Perpetuating entrepreneurship through dialogue: a social constructivist view. Doctoral Dissertation, Katholieke Uuniversiteit Leuven
Stogdill R, Coons A (1957) Leader behavior: its description and measurement. Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
Sutter CJ, Webb JW, Kistruck GM, Bailey AVG (2013) Entrepreneurs’ responses to semi-formal illegitimate institutional arrangements. J Bus Ventur 28(6):743
Talaulicar T, Grundei J, Werder A (2005) Strategic decision making in start-ups: the effect of top management team organization and processes on speed and comprehensiveness. J Bus Ventur 20(4):519–541
Thomas KW (1992) Conflict and conflict management: reflections and update. J Organ Behav (1986–1998) 13(3):265–274
Tornikoski E, Newbert S (2007) Exploring the determinants of organizational emergence: a legitimacy perspective. J Bus Ventur 22(2):311–335
Vallacher RR, Wegner DM (1987) What do people think they are going? Action identification and human behavior. Psychol Rev 94(1):3–15
Vecchio RP (2003) Entrepreneurship and leadership: common trends and common threads. Hum Resour Manag Rev 13:303–327
Watson J (2007) Modeling the relationship between networking and firm performance. J Bus Ventur 22(6):852–874
Withey JJ, Panitz E (1995) Face-to-face selling: making it more effective. Ind Mark Manag 24(4):239–246
Wright M, Liu X, Buck T, Filatotchev I (2008) Returnee entrepreneurs, science park location choice and performance: an analysis of high-technology SMEs in China. Enterp Theory Pract 32(1):131–155
Zacks JM (2004) Using movement and intentions to understand simple events. Cogn Sci 28(6):979–1008
Zacks JM, Tversky B (2001) Event structure in perception and conception. Psychol Bull 127(1):3–21
Zhang J, Souitaris V, Soh P, Wong P (2008) A contingent model of network utilization in early financing of technology ventures. Enterp Theory Pract 32:593–613
Zhao H, Seibert SE (2006) The big five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: a meta-analytical review. J Appl Psychol 91(2):259–271
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schjoedt, L. (2017). Entrepreneurs’ Behavior: A Black Box in Entrepreneurship Research. In: Brännback, M., Carsrud, A. (eds) Revisiting the Entrepreneurial Mind. International Studies in Entrepreneurship, vol 35. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45544-0_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45544-0_24
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-45543-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-45544-0
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)