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Diatom Adhesives: Molecular and Mechanical Properties

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Biological Adhesives

Abstract

Diatoms are an incredibly diverse group of microalgae that are primarily characterized by their highly ornamented siliceous cell wall. Diatoms have long been a source of interest in the field of bioadhesion due to their ability to adhere and glide upon surfaces, as well as construct extracellular adhesive structures that can enable temporary or permanent adhesion to a surface. This chapter introduces the various adhesion and motility strategies employed by a number of benthic diatom species, describing the mechanisms that facilitate these processes. We review the chemical, molecular, and physical characterization of extracellular polymeric substances resident on the cell surface, as well as those secreted specifically for adhesion and motility from various structures in the cell wall. We highlight the significant work undertaken using atomic force microscopy to understand the nanomechanical properties of these adhesives, allowing sub-molecular structures to be identified that have allowed new insights into their role in enhancing diatom adhesion to surfaces even in high-energy aquatic environments. Finally we look at how new technological advances, such as the recent sequencing of several diatom genomes, together with an integrative research approach, will facilitate the further identification and characterization of diatom adhesives.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia

    Paul J. Molino & Michael J. Higgins

  2. School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia

    Anthony Chiovitti, Tony M. Dugdale & Richard Wetherbee

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  1. Paul J. Molino
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  2. Anthony Chiovitti
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  3. Michael J. Higgins
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  4. Tony M. Dugdale
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Correspondence to Paul J. Molino .

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  1. Department of Biology, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York, USA

    Andrew M. Smith

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Molino, P.J., Chiovitti, A., Higgins, M.J., Dugdale, T.M., Wetherbee, R. (2016). Diatom Adhesives: Molecular and Mechanical Properties. In: Smith, A. (eds) Biological Adhesives. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46082-6_3

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