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Environmental Bioremediation: Biodegradation of Xenobiotic Compounds

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Xenobiotics in the Soil Environment

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 49))

Abstract

In the modern era, industrialization is an essential tool or parameter to measure the growth of any country, but its adverse impact on the environment is also very well known to us. This impact would be further enhanced by the presence of xenobiotic compounds. Over the years, many hazardous waste sites have been developed worldwide resulting from the accumulation of xenobiotic compounds in different segments of earth based on their fate in air, soil, and water. Apart from this, these compounds are recalcitrant (which persist over a long period of time) in nature and pose serious health hazards like cancer. The major xenobiotic compounds are nitro-aromatic compounds, halogenated organic compounds, and other diverse groups of chemicals. The physicochemical methods to clean up these contaminated sites are not cost-effective. Therefore, special emphasis of research has been focused on biological methods for the degradation and elimination of these pollutants. Sites contaminated by these compounds need urgent attention for the solution through utilizing specific bacterial microorganisms which utilize them for their own energy and growth requirement and often convert into harmless products through mineralization, helping in environment’s cleaning. Biotransformation of these xenobiotic compounds on a large scale requires in-depth research to identify the degradation mechanism and the responsible genes by using biochemical genetic engineering tools. This approach will provide the base for the successful interventions into environmental processes and ultimately lead to optimized strategies for tapping of microbial diversity for efficient and effective bioremediation of xenobiotic compounds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Pankaj Goyal

  2. Amity Institute of Advanced Research and Studies (M&D), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rupesh Kumar Basniwal

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  1. Pankaj Goyal
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Correspondence to Rupesh Kumar Basniwal .

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  1. Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Inst. of Information Technology Department of Meteorology, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

  2. Amity Inst of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Amity Inst of Microbial Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vivek Kumar

  3. Amity Inst of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Amity Inst of Microbial Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Goyal, P., Basniwal, R.K. (2017). Environmental Bioremediation: Biodegradation of Xenobiotic Compounds. In: Hashmi, M., Kumar, V., Varma, A. (eds) Xenobiotics in the Soil Environment. Soil Biology, vol 49. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47744-2_23

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