Abstract
Anode effects are detrimental in that they result in reduced energy efficiency and cause emissions of CF4 and C2F6. With prospects of future CO2 taxes, the emissions of these greenhouse gases may become costly. With a CO2 tax of 15 US$ per tonne, each anode effect minute per day per cell will increase the production cost by about 1.2%. Research work related to anode effects has been reviewed and analyzed. The wetting of the anode deteriorates as the alumina content decreases, leading to increased gas coverage of the base of the anode. With decreasing effective surface area, the actual current density increases. Anode effects then occur when the alumina content becomes too low and the local current density exceeds the critical current density. The paper concludes by analyzing various methods that may be used to decrease the frequency and duration of anode effects in prebake as well as Soderberg cells.
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Thonstad, J., Utigard, T.A., Vogt, H. (2016). On the anode effect in aluminum electrolysis. In: Bearne, G., Dupuis, M., Tarcy, G. (eds) Essential Readings in Light Metals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48156-2_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48156-2_18
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