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Interaction of Glycine Betaine and Plant Hormones: Protection of the Photosynthetic Apparatus During Abiotic Stress

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Photosynthesis: Structures, Mechanisms, and Applications

Summary

The growth and development of higher plants depends not only upon an active photosynthetic apparatus and adequate water and mineral nutrient supply, but also tight regulation of growth by plant hormones and specific secondary metabolites. Environmental (abiotic) stresses influence plant growth via changes in the metabolism and action of plant hormones, their interactions with secondary metabolites, as well as a reduction in photosynthetic activity. An initial response to abiotic stress often includes an increasing accumulation of two “stress” hormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA). This is followed by an activation of multiple physiological pathways which yield an increase in tolerance to the stress. Also associated with these increases in ABA and SA levels are a reduction in the biosynthesis and/or action of plant “growth” hormones, such as the gibberellins, auxin and cytokinins. The plant’s internal resources are then diverted toward enhancing stress tolerance which is usually associated with diminished photosynthetic productivity. However, some plant varieties (genotypes) are capable of biosynthesising a unique secondary metabolite, glycine betaine (GB). These genotypes exhibit a greater tolerance to abiotic stress, and often have an enhanced growth and yield, relative to varieties which do not accumulate GB. The increased GB accumulation occurs mainly in the chloroplast and is responsible for initiating a network of interactions between the plant’s photosynthetic apparatus, its “stress” and “growth” hormones, and reactive oxygen species. The end result of these GB-induced interactions is the alleviation of abiotic stress effects.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. Shazia Zaman for drawing the chemical structures of glycine betaine, abscisic acid and salicylic acid. We would also like to acknowledge the financial support from the Ballance Agri-Nutrients, New Zealand (MZ, LVK, RPP), KEMPE Foundation, Sweden (VMH, LVK, NPAH), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NPAH) , the Canada Research Chairs Program (NPAH) and the Canada Foundation for Innovation (NPAH).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and The Biotron Center for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario (Western University), 1151 Richmond Street N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada

    Leonid V. Kurepin, Alexander G. Ivanov & Norman P. A. Hüner

  2. Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 17, Umeå, Sweden

    Leonid V. Kurepin & Vaughan Hurry

  3. Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Alexander G. Ivanov

  4. Soil and Water Management and Crop Nutrition Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria

    Mohammad Zaman

  5. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada

    Richard P. Pharis

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  1. Leonid V. Kurepin
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  2. Alexander G. Ivanov
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  3. Mohammad Zaman
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  4. Richard P. Pharis
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  5. Vaughan Hurry
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  6. Norman P. A. Hüner
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Leonid V. Kurepin or Alexander G. Ivanov .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama, USA

    Harvey J.M. Hou

  2. Center for Research in Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

    Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour

  3. School of Molecular Sciences, Center for Applied Structural Discovery at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA

    Gary F. Moore

  4. Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev

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Kurepin, L.V., Ivanov, A.G., Zaman, M., Pharis, R.P., Hurry, V., Hüner, N.P.A. (2017). Interaction of Glycine Betaine and Plant Hormones: Protection of the Photosynthetic Apparatus During Abiotic Stress. In: Hou, H., Najafpour, M., Moore, G., Allakhverdiev, S. (eds) Photosynthesis: Structures, Mechanisms, and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48873-8_9

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