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Exercise and Balance in Older Adults with Movement Disorders

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Locomotion and Posture in Older Adults

Abstract

This chapter concerns balance, gait function, exercise, and current rehabilitation options for older adults with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and stroke, within the context of normal aging. We outline the primary balance and gait deficits and their impact on fall rates for PD and stroke, with discussion regarding impairment in dual tasking and cognitive disturbances. We consider current options in physical therapy and exercise-based therapy for PD and stroke, particularly for interlimb coordination and gait function. Crossover approaches in rehabilitative techniques from PD/stroke to normal aging motor impairments often go underutilized in the clinic. Therefore, implications for older adults without movement disorders, who often have purely aging-related symptoms similar to those of PD, are discussed. Currently, research is especially engaged in investigating novel approaches to multimodal exercise, which have emerged as promising therapies for balance impairments including aerobic exercise, tai chi, and dance. Efficacy of such interventions is presented with respect to new research showing cognitive effects. We conclude the chapter by discussing hypotheses regarding mechanisms underlying deficit and recovery in these populations. Understanding the mechanisms for rehabilitative gains is crucial for developing targeted and efficient therapy for PD and stroke populations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, GA, USA

    Madeleine E. Hackney & Joe Nocera

  2. Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Emory University School, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Madeleine E. Hackney

  3. Department of Neurology, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Joe Nocera & Tricia Creel

  4. Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Mary Doherty Riebesell & Trisha Kesar

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  1. Madeleine E. Hackney
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  2. Joe Nocera
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  3. Tricia Creel
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  4. Mary Doherty Riebesell
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  5. Trisha Kesar
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Correspondence to Madeleine E. Hackney .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Department of Physical Education, Human Movement Research Laboratory – MOVI-LAB, Campus Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

    Fabio Augusto Barbieri

  2. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Department of Physical Education, Posture and Gait Studies Lab (LEPLO), Campus Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil

    Rodrigo Vitório

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Hackney, M.E., Nocera, J., Creel, T., Riebesell, M.D., Kesar, T. (2017). Exercise and Balance in Older Adults with Movement Disorders. In: Barbieri, F., Vitório, R. (eds) Locomotion and Posture in Older Adults. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48980-3_21

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