Abstract
Biomass is considered to be one of the most important renewable energy sources and will become an important part of future sustainable energy system. Liquefaction is a promising thermochemical conversion process that is applied to convert biomass into bio-oil (target product), biochar, and gases. The process is usually carried out in water or another suitable solvent at 250–400 °C under pressures of 5–25 MPa. This chapter firstly collects and sorts out the available review literatures on the liquefaction of biomass. Next, the effects of processing parameters on the liquefaction of biomass are briefly summarized. Then, the characterization and application studies of biochar (solid-phase product) are discussed. Finally, the main upgradation methods of bio-oil (liquid-phase product) are introduced. The ultimate aim of this chapter is to offer some reference for the study of biomass liquefaction.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Akhtar J, Amin NAS (2011) A review on process conditions for optimum bio-oil yield in hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 15:1615–1624. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.054
Al-Sabawi M, Chen JW (2012) Hydroprocessing of biomass-derived oils and their blends with petroleum feedstocks: a review. Energy Fuel 26:5373–5399. doi:10.1021/ef3006405
Al-Sabawi M, Chen JW, Ng S (2012) Fluid catalytic cracking of biomass-derived oils and their blends with petroleum feedstocks: a review. Energy Fuel 26:5355–5372. doi:10.1021/ef3006417
Behrendt F, Neubauer Y, Oevermann M, Wilmes B, Zobel N (2008) Direct liquefaction of biomass. Chem Eng Technol 31:667–677. doi:10.1002/ceat.200800077
Bridgwater AV (2012) Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading. Biomass Bioenergy 38:68–94. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.01.048
Butler E, Devlin G, Meier D, McDonnell K (2011) A review of recent laboratory research and commercial developments in fast pyrolysis and upgrading. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 15:4171–4186. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.035
Chen WH, Lin BJ, Huang MY, Chang JS (2015) Thermochemical conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels: a review. Bioresour Technol 184:314–327. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.050
Cheng JJ, Timilsina GR (2011) Status and barriers of advanced biofuel technologies: a review. Renew Energy 36:3541–3549. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2011.04.031
Elliott DC, Biller P, Ross AB, Schmidt AJ, Jones SB (2015) Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: developments from batch to continuous process. Bioresour Technol 178:147–156. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.132
Faba L, Díaz E, Ordóñez S (2015) Recent developments on the catalytic technologies for the transformation of biomass into biofuels: a patent survey. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 51:273–287. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.020
Goyal HB, Seal D, Saxena RC (2008) Bio-fuels from thermochemical conversion of renewable resources: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 12:504–517. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2006.07.014
Graça I, Lopes JM, Cerqueira HS, Ribeiro MF (2013) Bio-oils upgrading for second generation biofuels. Ind Eng Chem Res 52:275–287. doi:10.1021/ie301714x
Guo F, Fang Z, Xu CC, Smith RL Jr (2012) Solid acid mediated hydrolysis of biomass for producing biofuels. Prog Energy Combust 38:672–690. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2012.04.001
Guo Y, Yeh T, Song WH, Xu DH, Wang SZ (2015) A review of bio-oil production from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 48:776–790. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.049
Ho DP, Ngo HH, Guo WS (2014) A mini review on renewable sources for biofuel. Bioresour Technol 169:742–749. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.022
Huang HJ, Yuan XZ (2015) Recent progress in the direct liquefaction of typical biomass. Prog Energy Combust 49:59–80. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2015.01.003
Ibrahim N, Kamarudin SK, Minggu LJ (2014) Biofuel from biomass via photo-electrochemical reactions: an overview. J Power Sources 259:33–42. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.02.017
Jacobson K, Maheria KC, Dalai AK (2013) Bio-oil valorization: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 23:91–106. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.02.036
Kang SM, Li XL, Fan J, Chang J (2013) Hydrothermal conversion of lignin: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 27:546–558. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.07.013
Karagöz S, Bhaskar T, Muto A, Sakata Y (2006) Hydrothermal upgrading of biomass: effect of K2CO3 concentration and biomass/water ratio on products distribution. Bioresour Technol 97:90–98. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.051
Knez Ž, Markočič E, Hrnčič MK, Ravber M, Škerget M (2015) High pressure water reforming of biomass for energy and chemicals: a short review. J Supercrit Fluid 96:46–52. doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2014.06.008
Leng LJ, Yuan XZ, Huang HJ, Wang H, Wu ZB, Fu LH, Peng X, Chen XH, Zeng GM (2015a) Characterization and application of bio-chars from liquefaction of microalgae, lignocellulosic biomass and sewage sludge. Fuel Process Technol 129:8–14. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.08.016
Leng LJ, Yuan XZ, Huang HJ, Shao JG, Wang H, Chen XH, Zeng GM (2015b) Bio-char derived from sewage sludge by liquefaction: characterization and application for dye adsorption. Appl Surf Sci 346:223–231. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.04.014
Leng LJ, Yuan XZ, Zeng GM, Shao JG, Chen XH, Wu ZB, Wang H, Peng X (2015c) Surface characterization of rice husk bio-char produced by liquefaction and application for cationic dye (Malachite green) adsorption. Fuel 155:77–85. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.04.019
Liu ZG, Zhang FS (2009) Removal of lead from water using biochars prepared from hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass. J Hazard Mater 167:933–939. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.085
Liu ZG, Zhang FS (2011) Removal of copper (II) and phenol from aqueous solution using porous carbons derived from hydrothermal chars. Desalination 267:101–106. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2010.09.013
Liu ZG, Zhang FS, Wu JZ (2010) Characterization and application of chars produced from pinewood pyrolysis and hydrothermal treatment. Fuel 89:510–514. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2009.08.042
López Barreiro D, Prins W, Ronsse F, Brilman W (2013) Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae for biofuel production: state of the art review and future prospects. Biomass Bioenergy 53:113–127. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.12.029
Loppinet-Serani A, Aymonier C (2014) Chapter 7-Hydrolysis in near- and supercritical water for biomass conversion and material recycling. In: Fan VA (ed) Supercritical fluid technology for energy and environmental applications. Elsevier, Boston, MA, pp 139–156. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-62696-7.00007-1
Ma LL, Wang TJ, Liu QY, Zhang XH, Ma WC, Zhang Q (2012) A review of thermal-chemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass in China. Biotechnol Adv 30:859–873. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.01.016
Marx S, Chiyanzu I, Piyo N (2014) Influence of reaction atmosphere and solvent on biochar yield and characteristics. Bioresour Technol 164:177–183. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.067
Nigam PS, Singh A (2011) Production of liquid biofuels from renewable resources. Prog Energy Combust 37:52–68. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2010.01.003
Pan H (2011) Synthesis of polymers from organic solvent liquefied biomass: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 15:3454–3463. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2011.05.002
Panwar NL, Kothari R, Tyagi VV (2012) Thermo-chemical conversion of biomass—eco friendly energy routes. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16:1801–1816. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.024
Pavlovič I, Knez Ž, Škerget M (2013) Hydrothermal reactions of agricultural and food processing wastes in sub- and supercritical water: a review of fundamentals, mechanisms, and state of Research. J Agr Food Chem 61:8003–8025. doi:10.1021/jf401008a
Peterson AA, Vogel F, Lachance RP, Froling M, Antal JMJ, Tester JW (2008) Thermochemical biofuel production in hydrothermal media: a review of sub- and supercritical water technologies. Energy Environ Sci 1:32–65. doi:10.1039/b810100k
Ruiz HA, Rodríguez-Jasso RM, Fernandes BD, Vicente AA, Teixeira JA (2013) Hydrothermal processing, as an alternative for upgrading agriculture residues and marine biomass according to the biorefinery concept: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 21:35–51. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.069
Tekin K, Karagöz S (2013) Non-catalytic and catalytical hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass. Res Chem Intermediat 39:485–498
Tekin K, Karagöz S, Bektaş S (2014) A review of hydrothermal biomass processing. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 40:673–687. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.216
Tian CY, Li BM, Liu ZD, Zhang YH, Lu HF (2014) Hydrothermal liquefaction for algal biorefinery: a critical review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 38:933–950. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.030
Toor SS, Rosendahl L, Rudolf A (2011) Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: a review of subcritical water technologies. Energy 36:2328–2342. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2011.03.013
Toor SS, Rosendahl LA, Hoffmann J, Pedersen TH, Nielsen RP, Søgaard EG (2014) Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass. In: Jing FM (ed) Application of hydrothermal reactions to biomass conversion. Springer, Berlin, pp 189–218. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54458-3_9
Xiu SG, Shahbazi A (2012) Bio-oil production and upgrading research: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16:4406–4414. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.04.028
Xu CB, Etcheverry T (2008) Hydro-liquefaction of woody biomass in sub- and super-critical ethanol with iron-based catalysts. Fuel 87:335–345. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2007.05.013
Xu CC, Shao YY, Yuan ZS, Cheng SN, Feng SH, Nazari L, Tymchyshyn M (2014) Chapter 8-Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass in hot-compressed water, alcohols, and alcohol-water co-solvents for biocrude production. In: Jing FM (ed) Application of hydrothermal reactions to biomass conversion. Springer, Berlin, pp 171–188. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54458-3_8
Yeh TM, Dickinson JG, Franck A, Linic S, Thompson LT Jr, Savage PE (2013) Hydrothermal catalytic production of fuels and chemicals from aquatic biomass. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 88:13–24. doi:10.1002/jctb.3933
Zhang LH, Xu CB, Champagne P (2010) Overview of recent advances in thermochemical conversion of biomass. Energy Convers Manage 51:969–982. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2009.11.038
Zhang L, Liu RH, Yin RZ, Mei YF (2013) Upgrading of bio-oil from biomass fast pyrolysis in China: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 24:66–72. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.027
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi, China (No. 20151BAB213024), the Scientific Research Fund of Jiangxi Provincial Education Department (GJJ14302), and the Hunan Province Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate (CX2012B139).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Huang, Hj., Yuan, Xz., Wu, Gq. (2017). Liquefaction of Biomass for Bio-oil Products. In: Singh, L., Kalia, V. (eds) Waste Biomass Management – A Holistic Approach. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49595-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49595-8_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-49594-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-49595-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)