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Biocalcite and Carbonic Acid Activators

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Blue Biotechnology

Part of the book series: Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology ((MMB,volume 55))

Abstract

Based on evolution of biomineralizing systems and energetic considerations, there is now compelling evidence that enzymes play a driving role in the formation of the inorganic skeletons from the simplest animals, the sponges, up to humans. Focusing on skeletons based on calcium minerals, the principle enzymes involved are the carbonic anhydrase (formation of the calcium carbonate-based skeletons of many invertebrates like the calcareous sponges, as well as deposition of the calcium carbonate bioseeds during human bone formation) and the alkaline phosphatase (providing the phosphate for bone calcium phosphate-hydroxyapatite formation). These two enzymes, both being involved in human bone formation, open novel not yet exploited targets for pharmacological intervention of human bone diseases like osteoporosis, using compounds that act as activators of these enzymes. This chapter focuses on carbonic anhydrases of biomedical interest and the search for potential activators of these enzymes, was well as the interplay between carbonic anhydrase-mediated calcium carbonate bioseed synthesis and metabolism of energy-rich inorganic polyphosphates. Beyond that, the combination of the two metabolic products, calcium carbonate and calcium-polyphosphate, if applied in an amorphous form, turned out to provide the basis for a new generation of scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering and repair that are, for the first time, morphogenetically active.

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Acknowledgements

W.E.G.M. is a holder of an ERC Advanced Investigator Grant (no 268476 “BIOSILICA”) as well as of the two ERC Proof-of-Concept grants “Si-Bone-PoC” (no. 324564) and “MorphoVES-PoC” (No. 662486). This work was supported by grants from the European Commission (large-scale integrating project “BlueGenics” No. 266033 and project “Bio-Scaffolds” No. 604036), as well as the BiomaTiCS research initiative of the University Medical Center Mainz.

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  1. ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany

    Xiaohong Wang, Meik Neufurth, Emad Tolba, Shunfeng Wang, Heinz C. Schröder & Werner E. G. Müller

  2. NanotecMARIN GmbH, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany

    Xiaohong Wang, Heinz C. Schröder & Werner E. G. Müller

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    Werner E. G. Müller

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    Heinz C. Schröder

  3. ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    Xiaohong Wang

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Wang, X., Neufurth, M., Tolba, E., Wang, S., Schröder, H.C., Müller, W.E.G. (2017). Biocalcite and Carbonic Acid Activators. In: Müller, W., Schröder, H., Wang, X. (eds) Blue Biotechnology. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology(), vol 55. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51284-6_7

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