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Update on Dementia. Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. DSM-IV versus DSM-V

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Psychiatry and Neuroscience Update - Vol. II

Abstract

Dementia is frequent in the elderly, and advancing age is the strongest risk factor. It includes Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Vascular dementia (VaD), and other neurogenerative disorders such as Lewy body dementia (LBD), and other less-common neurodegenerative dementing diseases, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD). All this acquired disorder of cognition and the related behavioral impairment interferes with social and occupational functioning. The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) and the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) present differences in the description of AD and VaD. The new DSM recognizes the acceptable alternative “neurocognitive disorder” as a newly preferred and more scientific term than “dementia”. This new diagnosis includes both the dementia and amnesic disorder diagnoses from DSM-IV. Furthermore, DSM-V recognizes specific etiologic subtypes of neurocognitive dysfunction, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, HIV infection, Lewy body disease, and Vascular disease. This is a review based on scientific evidence and information concerning the most common dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the second most important, Vascular dementia (VaD), and the main differences between the classifications of DSM-IV and DSM-V for both diseases.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The APOE gene (located on chromosome 19) is the only gene identified related to early-onset and late-onset of AD. APOE ε4 is called a risk-factor gene because it increases a person’s risk of developing the disease; however, inheriting an APOE ε4 allele does not necessarily mean that a person will develop AD [20, 21].

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  1. Department of Pharmacology, School of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Autónoma of Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

    Rose E. Nina-Estrella

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Correspondence to Rose E. Nina-Estrella .

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  1. National University of Cuyo, Catholic University of Argentina, Guaymallen Mendoza, Argentina

    Pascual Ángel Gargiulo

  2. Institute of Neurobiology Foundation, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Humberto Luis Mesones-Arroyo

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Nina-Estrella, R.E. (2017). Update on Dementia. Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. DSM-IV versus DSM-V. In: Gargiulo, P., Mesones-Arroyo, H. (eds) Psychiatry and Neuroscience Update - Vol. II. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53126-7_34

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