Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

West Indian Manatee Trichechus manatus in South America: Distribution, Ecology and Health Assessment

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Advances in Marine Vertebrate Research in Latin America

Part of the book series: Coastal Research Library ((COASTALRL,volume 22))

Abstract

The West Indian manatee inhabits exclusively tropical waters of Atlantic Ocean, from Virginia, in United States, to Alagoas, in Northeastern Brazil, in a fragmented way. In South America, low species density and difficulty to detect the animals that inhabit areas with murky waters, associated with a lower financial investment in research in the past, lead to a delay in manatee research. However, in the last decade, an increase in manatee research could be noted in the continent. Nevertheless, a significant part of this information is available only on theses, conference abstracts, reports, etc. Thus, this chapter aims to gather and update important information on the species, mainly on distribution, spatial ecology, feeding habits, genetics and health.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adimey N, Mignucci-Giannoni AA, Da Silva VMF, Auil-Gomez NE, Alvite CMC, Morales-Vela B, Lima RP, Rosas FCW (2012) Manatee rescue, rehabilitation, and release efforts as a tool for species conservation. In: Hines EM, Reynolds J III, Aragones LV, Mignucci-Giannoni AA, Marmontel M (eds) Sirenian conservation: issues and strategies in developing countries. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, pp 204–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Aguilar-Rodríguez B, Castelblanco-Martinez DN, Trujillo F (2004) Factores de Riesgo y Estado de Conservación del Manatí Antillano Trichehus manatus manatus en el Área de Influencia de Magangue Bolívar (Colombia). In: Abstracts of 11va Reunión de Trabajo de especialistas en Mamíferos Acuáticos de América del Sur y 5to Congreso de la sociedad Latinoamericana de Especialistas en Mamíferos Acuáticos, Quito

    Google Scholar 

  • Albuquerque C, Marcovaldi GM (1982) Ocorrência e distribuição do Peixe-boi-marinho no Litoral Brasileiro (Sirenia, Trichechidade, Trichechus manatus, Linnaeus 1758). In: Abstracts of the Simpósio Internacional sobre a Utilização de Ecossistemas Costeiros: Planejamento, Poluição e Produtividade, Rio Grande

    Google Scholar 

  • Allsopp WHL (1960) The manatee: ecology and use for weed control. Nature 188(4752):762

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alves MDO (2003) Monitoramento de peixe-boi marinho, Trichechus manatus manatusLinnaeus, 1758, no município de Icapuí, litoral leste do Ceará. Undergratuation thesis. Universidade Federal do Ceará.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alves MDO (2007) Peixe-Boi-Marinho, Trichechus manatus manatus: Ecologia e Conhecimento Tradicional no Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Master’s thesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

    Google Scholar 

  • Alves MDO, Schwamborn R, Borges JCG, Marmontel M, Costa AF, Schettini CAF, Araújo ME (2013) Aerial survey of manatees, dolphins and sea turtles off northeastern Brazil: correlations with coastal features and human activities. Biol Conserv 161:91–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alves MDO, Kinas PG, Marmontel M, Borges JCG, Costa AF, Schiel N, Araújo ME (2016) First abundance estimate of the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Brazil by aerial survey. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 96(04):955–966

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvite CMC (2008) Indicadores populacionais e ecológicos de peixes-bois-marinhos (Trichechus manatus manatus) em duas áreas de manguezais e marismas no Maranhão. Master’s thesis, Universidade Federal do Maranhão

    Google Scholar 

  • Anzolin DG, Sarkis JES, Diaz E, Soares DG, Serrano IL, Borges JCG, Souto AS, Taniguchi S, Montone RC, Bainy ACD, Carvalho PSM (2012) Contaminant concentrations, biochemical and hematological biomarkers in blood of West Indian manatees Trichechus manatus from Brazil. Mar Pollut Bull 64:1402–1408

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aquasis (2006) Status de Conservação e Plano de Ação preliminar para o peixe-boi-marinho (Trichechus manatus manatus) no litoral leste do Ceará. Relatório Final do Projeto “Status do Peixe-Boi no Litoral Leste do Ceará”- Convênio MMA/FNMA n.059/02.2006, 174 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Aquasis (2008) Refúgio de vida silvestre peixe-boi-marinho: estudos socioambientais complementares e consolidação da proposta de criação de Unidade de Conservação. Relatório técnico final do projeto “Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Peixe-boi-marinho” – SOS Mata Atlântica/Fundação Avina/FMA

    Google Scholar 

  • Aquasis (2016) Peixe-boi-marinho: biologia e conservação no Brasil, 1st edn. Bambu Editora e Artes Gráficas Ltda, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Arévalo-González K, Castelblanco-Martínez DN (2015) Effect of the environmental type on manatee detection when using side-scan sonar. In: Abstracts of the 21nd biennial conference on the biology of marine mammals, San Francisco, EUA, 13–18 December 2015

    Google Scholar 

  • Arévalo-González GK, Castelblanco-Martínez DN, Sanchez-Palomino P, López-Arévalo HF, Marmontel M (2014) Complementary methods to estimate population size of Antillean manatees (Sirenia:Trichechidae) at Ciénagas de Paredes, Santander, Colombia. J Threat Taxa 6(6):1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Attademo FLN (2014) Detecção da infecção de rotavírus, coronavírus, enterobactérias, Leptospira spp., Brucella abortus e Toxoplasma gondii em peixe-boi marinho (Trichechus manatus) em cativeiro no Brasil. PhD thesis, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco

    Google Scholar 

  • Attademo FLN, Luna FO, Boaviagem AC, Gregori F, Bernardes NTCG, Da Silva JCR (2013) Detecção de rotavirus em peixes-boi marinho (Trichechus manatus manatus) mantidos em cativeiro no Brasil. In: Reunião da Sessão WDA América Latina, 1, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbosa DA (2013) Conhecimento de moradores dos limites e entorno de sete unidades de conservação no estado do Amapá sobre a ocorrência e as possíveis ameaças ao peixe-boi (Trichechus sp.). Undergrad thesis, Universidade Federal do Amapá

    Google Scholar 

  • Barros HMDR (2013) Variação geográfica de Trichechidae (Mammalia: Sirenia): análise morfométrica e citogenética. Ph.D. thesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 96 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Barros HMDR, Meirelles ACO, Luna FO, Marmontel M, Cordeiro-Estrela P, Santos N, Astua D (2017) Cranial and chromosomal geographic variation in manatees (Mammalia: Sirenia: Trichechidae) with the description of the Antillean manatee karyotype in Brazil. J Zool Syst Evol Res 55(1):73–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Bermudez-Romero AL, Castelblanco-Martínez DN, Trujillo-González F (2004) Patrones de presencia y uso del hábitat de Trichechus manatus manatus en el rio Orinoco dentro de la zona de influencia de Puerto Carreño, Vichada. In: Diazgranados MC, Trujillo-González F (eds) Estudios de fauna silvestre en ecosistemas acuáticos en la Orinoquia Colombiana. Instituto de Estudios Ambientales para el Desarrollo, Departamento de Ecología y Desarrollo, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia, pp 133–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertram C (1963) In search of mermaids: the manatess of Guiana. London, Peter Davies

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertram GCL, Bertram CKR (1962) Manatees of Guiana. Nature 196(861):329–1331

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertram GCL, Bertram CKR (1963) The status of manatee in the Guianas. Oryx 7(2–3):90–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertram GCL, Bertram CKR (1973) The modern Sirenia: their distribution and status. Biol J Linn Soc 5:297–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Best RC (1981) Foods and feeding habits of wild and captive Sirenia. Mammal Rev 11(1):3–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Best RC, Teixeira DM (1982) Notas sobre a distribuição e “status” aparentes dos peixes-bois (Mammalia: Sirenia) nas costas amapenses brasileiras. Boletim da Fundação Brasileira para Conservação da Natureza 17:41–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Boede EO, Mujica-Jorquera E (2016) Rescue and handling of Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus in Venezuela 1992–2014. Int Zoo Yearbook 50:193–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boher S, Porras J (1991) Nuevos registros de manatíes, Trichechus manatus, en la costa del Mar Caribe venezolano. Acta Cient Venez 41(1):287

    Google Scholar 

  • Borges JCG (2007) Cryptosporidium spp. (Tyzzer, 1907) em peixes-boi marinhos (Trichechus manatus) (Linnaeus, 1758) e peixes-boi amazônicos (Trichechus inunguis) (Natterer, 1883) no Brasil. Master’s thesis, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco

    Google Scholar 

  • Borges JCG (2016) Cryptosporidium spp. (Tyzzer, 1907), Giardia sp. (Leeuwenhoek, 1681) e identificação de helmintofauna em mamíferos aquáticos no Brasil. 2016.105f. PhD thesis, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco

    Google Scholar 

  • Borges JCG, Araújo PG, Anzolin DG, Miranda GEC (2008) Identificação de ítens alimentares constituintes da dieta dos peixes-bois-marinhos (Trichechus manatus) na região nordeste do Brasil. Biotemas 21(2):77–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borges JCG, Jung LM, Carvalho VL, Moreira ALO, Attademo FLN, Ramos RAN, Alves LC (2016a) Pulmonicola cochleotrema (Digenea: Opisthotrematidae) in Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) from the north-eastern region of Brazil. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 96:1–4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borges JCG, Mantovani JE, Dantas RC, Santos S, Marmontel M, Vergara-Parente JE (2016b) Desenvolvimento de nova tecnologia aplicada ao onitoramento satelital de peixes-bois marinhos (Trichechus manatus manatus). In: XI Congreso de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Especialistas en Mamíferos Acuáticos 2016, Valparaíso. Mamíferos aquáticos da América Latina, 2016

    Google Scholar 

  • Bossart GD, Reidarson TH, Dierauf LA, Duffield DA (2001) Clinical Pathology. In: Dierauf LA, Gulland F (eds) Handbook of marine mammal medicine. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 383–436

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bowles AE, Jaffe JS, Yack T, Simonet F (2004) Design for a manatee finder: sonar techniques to prevent manatee-vessel collisions. Hubbs-Seaworld Research Institute for Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Marine Research Institute, Manatee Avoidance Technology Program, p 33

    Google Scholar 

  • Brito APD (2015) Avaliação histopatológica de mamíferos marinhos encalhados no litoral do nordeste brasileiro. Master’s thesis, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido

    Google Scholar 

  • Caicedo-Herrera D, Trujillo F, Rodríguez CL, Rivera MA (2004) Programa Nacional para la Conservación y Manejo de los Manatíes (Trichechus sp) en Colombia. Fundación Omacha-Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, Bogotá, 170 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Caicedo Herrera D, Mona-Sanabria Y, Espinosa-Forero R (2015) Rescue, rehabilitation and release to the wild of manatees Trichechus manatus in the Colombian Caribbean: a conservation program. Sirenews 63:21

    Google Scholar 

  • Carvalho VL, Borges JCG (2016) Reabilitação. In: Meirelles ACO, Carvalho VL (eds) Peixe-boi-marinho: Biologia e Conservação no Brasil. Bambu, São Paulo, pp 109–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Carvalho VL, Silva FMO (2016) Sanidade. In: Meirelles ACO, Carvalho VL (eds) Peixe-boi-marinho: Biologia e Conservação no Brasil. Bambu, São Paulo, pp 77–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Carvalho VL, Meirelles ACO, Motta MRA, Maia DCBSC, Campello MVM, Bevilaqua CML (2009) Occurrence of Pulmonicola cochleotrema (syn. Cochleotrema cochleotrema) (Digenea: Opisthotrematidae) in Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Brazil. Lat Am J Aquat Mamm 7:47–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carvalho VL, Maia DCBSC, Brilhante RSN, Meirelles ACO, Guedes GMM, Rocha MFG (2015) Surto de fusariomicose em peixes-bois-marinhos (Trichechus manatus manatus) cativos. In: Abstract of the 51° Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, Fortaleza

    Google Scholar 

  • Castelblanco-Martínez DN (2004) Peixe-boi Trichechus manatus manatus na Orinoquia Colombiana: Status de Conservação e uso de hábitat na época seca. Master’s thesis, Universidade Federal do Amazonas

    Google Scholar 

  • Castelblanco-Martínez DN (2012) Relative abundance and conservation status of manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) in French Guyana – preliminary analysis of the study area. Report presented to Park National de La Guadeloupe, France

    Google Scholar 

  • Castelblanco-Martínez DN (2015) Captive manatees of Guyana – action plan for captures and health assessment. Report presented to Park National de La Guadeloupe, France

    Google Scholar 

  • Castelblanco-Martínez DN, De Thosy B (2012) Rapid evaluation of methods to monitoring manatees Trichechus manatus manatus in French Guiana. In: Abstract of 15ª Reunión de Trabajo de Expertos en Mamíferos Acuáticos de América del Sur (RT 15ª) y 9° Congreso de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Especialistas en Mamíferos Acuáticos, Puerto Madryn, Argentina

    Google Scholar 

  • Castelblanco-Martínez D, Kendal S, Fuentes L (2001) Uso de hábitat del manatí y observaciones de manatí (Trichechus manatus) en una zona del Orinoco medio, Colombia. In: Abstracts of Congreso Internacional del Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en Amazonía y Latinoamérica. Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, p 80

    Google Scholar 

  • Castelblanco-Martínez D, Gómez I, Bermúdez A (2005) Ecología y conservación del manatí antillano Trichechus manatus manatus en la zona comprendida entre Puerto Carreño, Colombia y Puerto Ayacucho, Venezuela (2004–2005). Informe Técnico, Sinerian International INC, Frederichskburg, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Castelblanco-Martínez DN, Bermúdez-Romero AL, Gómez-Camelo IV, Rosas FCW, Trujillo F, Zerda-Ordonez E (2009) Seasonality of habitat use, mortality and reproduction of the vulnerable Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus in the Orinoco River, Colombia: implications for conservation. Oryx 43(2):235–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cavalheiro KM, Meirelles ACO, Carvalho VL, Fragoso ABL, Silva FJL, Lailson-Brito J, Bisi TL (2016) Mercúrio total em músculo e fígado de peixe-boi-marinho Trichechus manatus (Linnaeus, 1758) do nordeste do Brasil. In: Abstract of the XIV Congresso Brasileiro de Ecotoxicologia – ECOTOX, Curitiba

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi KF (2011) Áreas prioritárias para a conservação do peixe-boi-marinho Trichechus manatus no Ceará e no Rio Grande do Norte. 2011. 264 f. Master’s thesis, Universidade Federal do Ceará

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi KF, Campos TM, Meirelles ACO, Campos AA, Fernandes MB (2009) Desenho da área de um refúgio de vida silvestre para a conservação do peixe-boi-marinho. Natureza & Conservação 7(2):82–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi-Lima KF, Umezaki J, Meirelles ACO, Silva CPN, Abessa DMS, Wedekin LL, Sousa-Lima R (2014) Active and passive acoustics for abundance estimation of Antillean manatees, Trichechus manatus. In: Abstract of the 16th Reunión de Trabajo de Especialistas en Mamíferos Acuáticos de América del Sur, Cartagena, 01–05

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciotti LL (2012) Isótopos estáveis de carbono e nitrogênio aplicados ao estudo da ecologia trófica do peixe-boi- marinho (Trichechus manatus) no Brasil. Master’s thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande

    Google Scholar 

  • Committee on Taxonomy (2016) List of marine mammal species and subspecies. Soc Mar Mammal. http:// www.marinemammalscience.org. Accessed 1 July 2016

  • Converse LJ, Fernandes BS, MacWilliams PS, Bossart GD (1994) Hematology, serum chemistry and morphometric reference values for Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus). J Zoo Wildl Med 25:423–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Correa-Viana M, O’Shea T, Ludlow M, Robinson J (1990) Distribución y abundancia del manatí, Trichechus manatus en Venezuela. Biollania 7:101–123

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa AF (2006) Distribuição espacial e status do peixe- boi-marinho, Trichechus manatus manatus (Sirenia: Trichechidae) no litoral leste do Estado do Ceará. 2006. 131f. Master’s thesis, Universidade Federal do Ceará

    Google Scholar 

  • De Thoisy B, Spiegelberger T, Rousseau S, Talvy G, Vogel I, Vié J (2003) Distribution, habitat, and conservation status of West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus in French Guiana. Oryx 37(4):431–436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dekker D (1974) On the natural history of manatees (Trichechus manatus) from Suriname for the Amsterdam Zoo. Aquat Mamm 2:1–3

    Google Scholar 

  • Delgado JR (1995) Estatus del manatí en Venezuela. In: Clemente (ed) Delfines y otros mamíferos acuáticos de Venezuela. Una política para su conservación, Caracas, Venezuela, pp 159–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch CJ, Self-Sullivan C, Mignucci-Giannoni A (2008) Trichechus manatus The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T22103A9356917.en. Downloaded on 21 Sept 2016

  • Domning DP (1981) Distribution and status of the Trichechus spp. near the mouth of the Amazon River, Brazil. Biol Conserv 19:85–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubey JP, Zarnke R, Thomas NJ, Wong SK, Van Bonn W, Briggs M, Davis JW, Ewing R, Mense M, Kwok OCH, Romand S, Thulliez P (2003) Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, and Sarcocystis canis-like infections in marine mammals. Vet Parasitol 116(4):275–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Duignan PJ, House C, Walsh MT, Campbell T, Bossart GD, Duffy N, Fernandes PJ, Rima BK, Wright S, Geraci JR (1995) Morbillivirus infection in manatees. Mar Mamm Sci 11(4):441–451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duplaix N, Reichart HA (1978) History, status and protection of the Caribbean manatee Trichechus m. manatus in Suriname. Rare animal relief effort and United States fish and wildlife service, unpublished report, 23 pp + x append

    Google Scholar 

  • Duplaix N, Lingaard M, Sikimin C (2001) A survey of Kaburi Creek, West Suriname, and its conservation implications. Report to the Oceanic Society, 34 pp. Survey and status report, Suriname

    Google Scholar 

  • Emin-Lima R, Rodrigues ALF, Sousa MEM, Arcoverde DL, Santos GMA, Martins BML, Silva Júnior JS, Siciliano S (2010) Os mamíferos aquáticos associados aos manguezais da costa norte brasileira. In: Pessôa LM, Tavares WC, Siciliano S (eds) Mamíferos das Restingas e Manguezais do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, pp 45–58

    Google Scholar 

  • FMA (Fundação Mamíferos Aquáticos) (2015) Fundação Mamíferos Aquáticos utiliza tecnologia de sonar para pesquisar população do peixe-boi marinho na Paraíba. In: Magalhães K (ed) Revista A Bordo – Projeto Viva o Peixe-boi marinho. Edição 6, Recife-PE, 32 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Rodriguez AI, Bowen BW, Domning D et al (1998) Phylogeography of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus): how many populations and how many taxa? Mol Ecol 7:1137–1149

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garzón F (1997) Caracterización microbiológica y parasitológica de las heces fecales del manatí antillano (Trichechus manatus) en determinados sectores de la región Caribe colombiana. Undergrad thesis, Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    Google Scholar 

  • Gómez-Camelo IV, Zerda Ordóñez E, Castelblanco Martínez DN (2004) Áreas de distribución y alimentación del manatí Trichechus manatus manatus en época de aguas altas en la zona de influencia Puerto Carreño, Vichada, Colombia. Acta Biológica Colombiana 9(2):144–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Góngora-Correa N (2009) Liberación y monitoreo de manatíes (Trichechus manatus) a la cuenca baja del río Sinú, Colombia, como una estrategia de conservación. Undergrad thesis, Fundación Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Socoloske D, Olivera-Gomez LD (2012) Gentle giants in dark water: using side-scan sonar for manatee research. Open Remote Sens J 5(1):1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Socoloske D, Olivera-Gomez LD, Ford RE (2009) Detection of free-ranging West Indian manatees Trichechus manatus using side-scan sonar. Endanger Species Res 8:249–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haigh MD (1991) The use of manatees for the control of aquatic weeds in Guyana. Irrig Drain Syst 5:339–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer AS, Klausen B, Knold S, Dietz HH, Dutoit SJH (2005) Malignant lymphoma in a West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus). J Wildl Dis 41(4):834–838

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hartman DS (1979) Ecology and behavior of the manatee (Trichechus manatus) in Florida. Special publication number 5, American Society of Mammalogists, 153 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Husson AM (1978) The mammals of suriname. EJ Brill, Leiden

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez-Marrero NM, Méndez-Matos I, Montoya-Ospina RA, Williams EH, Brinkley-Williams L, Mignucci-Giannoni A (1998) Valores de Referencia de Inmunoglobulina G en Tres Poblaciones del Manati (Trichechus manatus): Puerto Rico, Colombia y Florida. Caribb J Sci 34:313–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Lailson-Brito J, Meirelles AC, Vidal LG, Ferraz DR, Furtado L, Azevedo A (2010) Mercúrio e organoclorados (DDT, PCB, HCB, HCH e MIREX) em tecidos do peixe-boi-marinho, Trichechus manatus, da costa nordeste do Brasil. In: Abstracts of the XIV Reunião de Trabalho de Especialistasem Mamíferos Aquáticos da América do Sul, Florianópolis

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazzarini SM, Ribeiro DC, Vergara-Parente JE (2014) Sirenia (Peixe-boi-da-Amazônia, peixe-boi-marinho). In: Cubas ZS, Silva JCR, Catão-Dias JL (eds) Tratado de animais selvagens: Medicina veterinária, 2nd edn. São Paulo, Roca, pp 936–972

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre LW, Marmontel M, Reid JP, Rathbun GB, Domning DP (2001) Status and biogeography of the West Indian manatee. In: Woods CA, Sergile FE (eds) Biogeography of the West Indies: patterns and perspectives, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 425–474

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lima RP (1997) Peixe-boi-marinho (Trichechus manatus): Distribuição, status de conservação e aspectos tradicionais ao longo do litoral nordeste do Brasil. Master’s thesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

    Google Scholar 

  • Lima RP (2008) Distribuição espacial e temporal de peixes-bois (Trichechus manatus) reintroduzidos no litoral nordestino e avaliação da primeira década (1994/2004) do programa de reintrodução. 2008. 178f. Tese (Doutorado em Oceanografia) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife

    Google Scholar 

  • Lima RP, Paludo D, Silva KG, Soavinski RJ, Oliveira EMA (1992) Distribuição, ocorrência e status de conservação do peixe-boi-marinho (Trichechus manatus, Linnaeus, 1758) ao longo do litoral nordeste do Brasil. Coletânia de trabalhos de conservação e pesquisa de sirênios no Brasil 1:47–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Lima RP, Caldas ST, Candisani L (2001) Peixe-boi: a história da conservação de um mamífero brasileiro. DBA Artes Gráficas

    Google Scholar 

  • Lima RP, Alvite CMC, Reid JP, Bombassaro Júnior AA (2012) Distribuição espacial e temporal de peixes-bois (Trichechus manatus) reintroduzidos no litoral nordeste do Brasil. Nat Res Forum 2(2):63–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Linares OJ (1998) Mamíferos de Venezuela. AUDUBON, Venezuela, pp 199–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Luna FO (2001) Distribuição, status de conservação e aspectos tradicionais do peixe-boi-marinho (Trichechus manatus manatus) no litoral norte do Brasil. Master’s thesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

    Google Scholar 

  • Luna FO, Lima RP, Araújo JP, Passavante JZO (2008) Status de conservação do peixe-boi marinho (Trichechus manatus manatus Linnaeus, 1758) no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoociências 10:145–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Luna FO, Bonde RK, Attademo FL, Saunders N, Jonathan W, Meigs-Friend G, Passavante JZ, Hunter ME (2012) Phylogeographic implications for release of critically endangered manatee calves rescued in Northeast Brazil. Aquat Conserv Mar Freshw Ecosyst 22:665–672

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manzanilla-Fuentes AG (2007) Estado actual de la población de manatíes (Trichechus manatus) en la Bahía del Tablazo, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Master’s thesis, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Los Llanos Ezequiel Zamora, Guanare, Venezuela

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, H, O’shea TJ, Reynolds III JE (2011) Ecology and conservation of the Sirenia: Dugongs and Manatees. Conservation biology 18. Cambridge University Press, Nova York

    Google Scholar 

  • Meirelles ACO (2008) Mortality of the Antillean manatee, Trichechus manatus manatus, in Ceará State, northeastern Brazil. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 88(6):1133–1137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meirelles ACO, Marmontel M, Sousa-Lima RS (2016a) Biologia. In: Meirelles ACO, Carvalho VL (eds) Peixe-boi-marinho: Biologia e Conservação no Brasil. Aquasis, 1st edn. Bambu Editora e Artes Gráficas, São Paulo, pp 29–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Millián-Sánchez SL, Montoya-Ospina RA, Mignucci-Giannoni AA, Williams EH (1995) Dwarfism in two antillean manatees from Colombia. In: Abstracts of the XI biennial conference on the biology of marine mammals, Orlando

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohadin K (1993) Conservation of freshwater ecosystems in Suriname. In: Outober PE (ed) The freshwater ecosystems of Suriname. Monographie biologicae, 70. Springer-Science, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Mondolfi E, Müller K (1979) Proyecto de FUDENA para la investigación y conservación del manatí en Venezuela. 2do. Informe sobre los resultados obtenidos en las inspecciones realizadas en los caños del golfo de Paria, en el Delta del Orinoco, el bajo Orinoco y el bajo Apure, Caracas, Venezuela, 76 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Montiel-Villalobos M, Barrios-Garrido H (2005) Observaciones sobre la distribución y situación actual del Manatí Trichechus manatus (Sirenia: Trichechidae) en el sistema del Lago Maracaibo. Anartia 18:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Montoya-Ospina RA, Caicedo-Herrera D (1995) Status of the Antillean Manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Colombia: a preliminary report. In: Abstract of the Eleventh biennial conference on the biology of marine mammal (Society of Marine Mammalogy), Orlando, 14–18 December

    Google Scholar 

  • Montoya-Ospina RA, Caicedo-Herrera D, Millán-Sánchez SL, Mignucci-Giannoni AA, Lefebvre LW (2001) Status and distribution of the West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus manatus, in Colombia. Biol Conserv 102:117–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moretz-Sohn CD (2013) Sazonalidade no uso de habitats pelo peixe-boi marinho (Trichechus manatus, Linnaeus, 1758) na praia de Picos, Icapuí-CE. Undergrad thesis, Universidade Federal do Ceará

    Google Scholar 

  • Murie J (1870) Notice of a memoir on the manatee. Proc Zool Soc London 1870:747–748

    Google Scholar 

  • National Science Research Council (Guyana) (1974) An international centre for Manatee research. Report of a workshop held 7–13 February 1974, Georgetown, Guyana

    Google Scholar 

  • Normande IC, Luna FO, Malhado ACM, Borges JCG, Viana Junior PC, Attademo FLN, Ladle RJ (2015) Eighteen years of Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus in Brazil: lessons learnt. Oryx 49(2):338–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Normande IC, Malhado ACM, Reid J, Viana PC, Savaget PVS, Correia RA, Luna FO, Ladle RJ (2016) Post-release monitoring of Antillean manatees: an assessment of the Brazilian rehabilitation and release programme. Anim Conserv 19:235–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ojeda M., Porras PJ, Gonzalez H.,OJasti J. (1993). Estado Actual del Manatí Antillano Trichechus manatus en Venezuela. Informe MARNR, PROFAUNA, Dirección de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre, Venezuela. 17 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Shea T, Correa-Viana M, Ludlow M, Robinson J (1988) Distribution, status and traditional significance of the West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus in Venezuela. Biol Conserv 46(4):281–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ortiz RM, Mackenzie DS, Worthy GA (2000) Thyroid hormone concentrations in captive and free-ranging West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus). J Exp Biol 203(23):3631–3637

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parente CL, Vergara-Parente JE, Lima RP (2004) Strandings of Antillean manatees, Trichechus manatus manatus, in northeastern Brazil. Latin Am J Aquat Mamm 3(1):69–75

    Google Scholar 

  • PETROBRAS (2014) Subprojeto de Monitoramento de Sirênios: Monitoramento Remoto por Telemetria Satelital e Censo Populacional por Meio de Sobrevoo. Relatórios dos Programas e Projetos Ambientais

    Google Scholar 

  • Pool M (2012) River seismic survey in manatee habitat in Suriname. Sirenews 58:14–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Quintana-Rizzo E, Reynolds JE (2010) Plan de manejo regional para el manatí de las Indias Occidentales (Trichechus manatus). Informe Técnico del Programa Ambiental del Caribe 48. PNUMA, Kingston

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramírez-Carroz S, Manzanilla-Fuentes AG (2008) Registros de manatí (Trichechus manatus) en el Golfo de Venezuela. Revista Mesoamericana de la Conservación 1(1):24–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivas-Rodríguez B, Ferrer-Pérez A, Colonnello G (2012) Distribución, uso de hábitat y status poblacional del manatí Trichechus manatus en el tramo central del Bajo Orinoco, Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales 173–174:155–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodulfo SC (2012): Distribución, alimentación y amenazas a las que está siendo sometido el manatí antillano Trichechus manatus manatus (Linnaeus 1758) en el Caño Araguao, Reserva de Biosfera Delta del Orinoco. Master’s thesis, Universidad de Oriente, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela

    Google Scholar 

  • Santos FS, Barros HMDR, Schetino MAA, Lima SC (2016) Genética. In: Meirelles ACO, Carvalho VL (ed) Peixe-boi-marinho: biologia e conservação no Brasil. Aquasis, 1st edn. Bambu Editora e Artes Gráficas, São Paulo, pp 63–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Satizábal P, Mignucci-Giannoni AA, Duchêne S, Caicedo-Herrera D, Perea-Sicchar CM, García-Dávila CR, Trujillo F, Caballero SJ (2012) Phylogeography and sex-biased dispersal across riverine manatee populations (Trichechus inunguis and Trichechus manatus) in South America. PLoS One 7(2):e52468

    Google Scholar 

  • Self-Sullivan C, Mignucci-Giannoni AA (2012) West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) in the Wider Caribbean region. In: Hines EM, Reynolds JR, Aragones LV, Mignucci-Giannoni AA, Marmontel M (eds) Sirenian conservation – issues and strategies in developing countries. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, pp 36–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidrim JJC, Carvalho VL, Castelo-Branco DSCM et al (2015a) Yeast microbiota of natural cavities of manatees (Trichechus inunguis and Trichechus manatus) in Brazil and its relevance for animal health and management in captivity. Can J Microbiol 61(10):763–769

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sidrim JJC, Carvalho VL, Maia DCBS et al (2015b) Bipolaris hawaiiensis as an emerging cause of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in an Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus. Dis Aquat Org 113:69–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sidrim JJC, Carvalho VL, Maia DCBS et al (2016) Antifungal resistance and virulence among Candida spp. from captive Amazonian manatees and West Indian manatees: potential impacts on animal and environmental health. Eco Health 13:328

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silva RB (2010) Aspectos biológicos, físico-ambientais e antrópicos de encalhes de peixes-bois-marinhos, Trichechus manatus manatus, no Ceará. 2010. 101f. Undergrad thesis, Universidade Federal do Ceará

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva SM (2015) Caracterização populacional e estimativa de parentesco entre peixes-bois-marinhos Trichechus manatus (LINNAEUS, 1758) usando marcadores microssatélites. Master’s thesis, Universidade Federal do Pará

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva KG, Paludo D, Oliveira EMA, Lima RP, Soavinski RJ (1992) Distribuição e ocorrência do peixe-boi-marinho (Trichechus manatus) no estuário do rio Mamanguape, Paraíba-Brasil. Periódico Peixe-boi/IBAMA- FMM 1(1):6–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva JCR, Marvulo MFV, Picanço MC et al. (2001) Pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, Leptospira interrogans e Brucella abortus em peixes-bois-marinhos (Trichechus manatus manatus) mantidos em cativeiro. In: Abstracts of V Congresso e X Encontro da Associação Brasileira de Veterinários de Animais Selvagens, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva FMO, Vergara-Parente JE, Gomes JKN et al (2007) Contribution for the definition of serum chemistry values in captive adults Antillean Manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus Linnaeus, 1758). J Vet Med Ser A 54:119–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silva FMO, Vergara-Parente JE, Gomes JKN et al (2009) Blood chemistry of Antillean Manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus): age variations. Aquat Mamm 35:253–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva CPN, Meirelles ACO, Umezaki J (2016) Ameaças. In: Meirelles ACO, Carvalho VL (eds) Peixe-boi-marinho: Biologia e Conservação no Brasil. São Paulo, Bambu, pp 93–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Sousa MEM, Martins BML, Fernandes MEB (2013) Meeting the giants: the need for local ecological knowledge (LEK) as a tool for the participative management of manatees on Marajó Island, Brazilian Amazonian coast. Ocean Coast Manag 86:53–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spiegelberger T, Ganslosser U (2012) Habitat analysis and exclusive bank feeding of the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus L. 1758) in the Coswine Swamps of French Guiana. South Am Trop Zool 18(1):1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Stamper MA, Bonde RK (2012) Health assessment of captive and wild-caught West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus). In: Hines EM, Reynolds III J, Aragones LV, Mignucci-Giannoni AA, Marmontel M (eds) Sirenian conservation: issues and strategies in developing countries. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, pp 139–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasconcelos AMO (2013) Dieta de Trichechus manatus (Linnaeus, 1758), no litoral leste do Ceará, Brasil. Undergrad thesis, Universidade Federal do Ceará. Fortaleza

    Google Scholar 

  • Vergara-Parente JE, Marcondes MCC et al. (2001) Identificação de Pseudomonas sp. e Proteus mirabillis como agentes etiológicos de otite externa em filhotes de peixes-bois marinhos em cativeiro. In: Abstracts of the VII Encontro de Pesquisadores da UECE, Fortaleza

    Google Scholar 

  • Vergara-Parente JE, Sidrim JJC et al. (2003a) Bacterial flora of upper respiratory tract of captive Antillean manatees. Aquat Mamm 29:124–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Vergara-Parente JE, Sidrim JJC et al (2003b) Salmonellosis in an Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) calf: a fatal case. Aquat Mamm 29:131–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vianna JA, Bonde RK, Caballero S, Giraldo JP, Lima RP, Clark A, Marmontel M, Morales-Vela B, De Souza MJ, Parr L, Rodríguez-Lopez MA, Mignucci-Giannoni AA, Powell JA, Santos FR (2006) Phylogeography, phylogeny and hybridization in trichechid sirenians: implications for manatee conservation. Mol Ecol 15(2):433–447

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wassink W (1997) Zeekoeien van Suriname. Afdeling Natuurbeheer, Dienst’s Lands Bosbeheer. Ministerie van Natuurlijke Hulpbronnen

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead PJP (1977) The former southern distribution of new world manatees (Trichechus spp.). Biol J Linn Soc 9: 165–189

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (Aquasis), Av. José Alencar, 150, Sesc IParana, 61627-010, Caucaia, Ceará, Brazil

    Ana C. O. de Meirelles & Vitor L. Carvalho

  2. Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Fonte Boa, 69553-225, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil

    Miriam Marmontel

Authors
  1. Ana C. O. de Meirelles
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vitor L. Carvalho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Miriam Marmontel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ana C. O. de Meirelles .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Ecologia Acústica e Comportamento Animal/Acoustic Ecology and Animal Behavior Laboratory, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas - Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil

    Marcos R. Rossi-Santos

  2. Coastal Education and Research Foundation (CERF), Fletcher, North Carolina, USA

    Charles W. Finkl

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

de Meirelles, A.C.O., Carvalho, V.L., Marmontel, M. (2018). West Indian Manatee Trichechus manatus in South America: Distribution, Ecology and Health Assessment. In: Rossi-Santos, M., Finkl, C. (eds) Advances in Marine Vertebrate Research in Latin America. Coastal Research Library, vol 22. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56985-7_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation