Abstract
The functional separation of different system components has been used to address some critical challenges in architecture design. One of the well-known approaches of physical separation of functional units is in client–server architectures. The server side of this separation is hidden inside the cloud infrastructure in the case of an Internet scale system. This model is serving a wide range of applications running over the Internet providing storage, computing power, and redundant services for reliability. However, in the new paradigm of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), the traditional separation partly fails to meet the set of system requirements. Fog computing is introduced as an intermediate layer between the clients and the Cloud. It brings computing, storage, management, and network services, among others, closer to the sensor/actuator nodes. This book discusses the features of Fog computing, its advantages, internal details, and present case studies to demonstrate it in real application scenarios. The focus of this chapter is to give an overview of Fog computing at a higher level.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
R. Minerva, A. Biru, D. Rotondi, Towards a definition of the internet of things (IoT). Technical report, IEEE, 2015
K. Ashton, That ‘Internet of Things’ thing: In the real world, things matter more than ideas, RFID Journal, http://www.rfidjournal.com/articles/view?4986
CMU, The “only” coke machine on the internet, http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~coke/
S. Ray, Y. Jin, A. Raychowdhury, The changing computing paradigm with internet of things: a tutorial introduction. IEEE Des. Test 33 (2), 76–96 (2016)
A. Al-Fuqaha, M. Guizani, M. Mohammadi, M. Aledhari, M. Ayyash, Internet of things: a survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 17 (4), 2347–2376, Fourthquarter (2015)
F. Bonomi, R. Milito, J. Zhu, S. Addepalli, Fog computing and its role in the internet of things, in Proceedings of the First Edition of the MCC Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing, MCC ’12 (ACM, New York, 2012), pp. 13–16
S. Yi, C. Li, Q. Li, A survey of fog computing: concepts, applications and issues, in Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on Mobile Big Data, Mobidata ’15 (ACM, New York, 2015), pp. 37–42
F. Jalali, A. Vishwanath, J. de Hoog, F. Suits, Interconnecting fog computing and microgrids for greening IoT, in 2016 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies – Asia (ISGT-Asia), Nov 2016, pp. 693–698
O. Salman, I. Elhajj, A. Kayssi, A. Chehab, Edge computing enabling the internet of things, in 2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), Dec 2015, pp. 603–608
M. Selimi, L. Cerdà-Alabern, L. Wang, A. Sathiaseelan, L. Veiga, F. Freitag, Bandwidth-aware service placement in community network micro-clouds, in 2016 IEEE 41st Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), Nov 2016, pp. 220–223
M. Satyanarayanan, P. Simoens, Y. Xiao, P. Pillai, Z. Chen, K. Ha, W. Hu, B. Amos, Edge analytics in the internet of things. IEEE Pervasive Comput. 14 (2), 24–31 (2015)
S. Krco, B. Pokric, F. Carrez, Designing IoT architecture(s): a European perspective, in 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), Mar 2014, pp. 79–84
IoT-A Project, Internet of things – architecture, IoT-A, deliverable d1.5 – final architecture reference model for the IoT v3.0. Technical report, EU-FP7, 2013
Z. Shelby, K. Hartke, C. Bormann, The constrained application protocol (CoAP), https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7252
OASIS, MQTT version 3.1.1 oasis standard, http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v3.1.1/os/mqtt-v3.1.1-os.pdf
OMG, Data distribution service DDS, http://www.omg.org/spec/DDS/1.4/
XSF, Extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), https://xmpp.org/extensions/index.html
T.N. Gia, M. Jiang, A.M. Rahmani, T. Westerlund, P. Liljeberg, H. Tenhunen, Fog computing in healthcare internet of things: a case study on ECG feature extraction, in 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology; Ubiquitous Computing and Communications; Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing; Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, Oct 2015, pp. 356–363
N. Kushalnagar, G. Montenegro, C. Schumacher, Ipv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPANs): overview, assumptions, problem statement, and goals, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4919
Y.-P.E. Wang, X. Lin, A. Adhikary, A. Grövlen, Y. Sui, Y.W. Blankenship, J. Bergman, H. Shokri-Razaghi, A primer on 3GPPnarrowband internet of things (NB-IoT). CoRR, abs/1606.04171 (2016)
LoRa Alliance, LoRa wide area network for IoT, https://www.lora-alliance.org/What-Is-LoRa/Technology
Sigfox, About sigfox, http://www.sigfox.com/
B. Negash, A.M. Rahmani, T. Westerlund, P. Liljeberg, H. Tenhunen, LISA 2.0: lightweight internet of things service bus architecture using node centric networking. J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput. 7 (3), 305–319 (2016)
S.K. Datta, C. Bonnet, J. Haerri, Fog computing architecture to enable consumer centric internet of things services, in 2015 International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE), June 2015, pp. 1–2
P. Hu, H. Ning, T. Qiu, Y. Zhang, X. Luo, Fog computing-based face identification and resolution scheme in internet of things. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf. PP (99), 1–1 (2016)
A.M. Rahmani, N.K. Thanigaivelan, T.N. Gia, J. Granados, B. Negash, P. Liljeberg, H. Tenhunen, Smart e-health gateway: bringing intelligence to internet-of-things based ubiquitous healthcare systems, in 2015 12th Annual IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC), Jan 2015, pp. 826–834
A.M. Rahmani, T.N. Gia, B. Negash, A. Anzanpour, I. Azimi, M. Jiang, P. Liljeberg, Exploiting smart e-health gateways at the edge of healthcare internet-of-things: a fog computing approach. Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst. (2017). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17302121
S. Sarkar, S. Chatterjee, S. Misra, Assessment of the suitability of fog computing in the context of internet of things. IEEE Trans. Cloud Comput. PP (99), 1–1 (2015)
Z. Sheng, S. Yang, Y. Yu, A.V. Vasilakos, J.A. Mccann, K.K. Leung, A survey on the ietf protocol suite for the internet of things: standards, challenges, and opportunities. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 20 (6), 91–98 (2013)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Negash, B., Rahmani, A.M., Liljeberg, P., Jantsch, A. (2018). Fog Computing Fundamentals in the Internet-of-Things. In: Rahmani, A., Liljeberg, P., Preden, JS., Jantsch, A. (eds) Fog Computing in the Internet of Things. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57639-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57639-8_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57638-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-57639-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)