Abstract
In 1971 N. Nilson introduced a very smart improvement of forward search methodology in classical planning. It is commonly known as STRIPS. However, the original STRIPS is not sensitive to temporal and preferential aspects of reasoning. Unfortunately, neither temporal, nor preferential extension of STRIPS is known. This paper is just aimed at proposing such an extension, called later TP-STRIPS. In addition, some of its meta-logical properties are proved. It is also shown how TP-STRIPS may be exploited in more practical contexts.
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Notes
- 1.
We can see \(\pi \) as a functions from a set of states S and E(S) — as set of actions applicable to S.
- 2.
We assume that \((d_{i},z_{j})\not = (d_{k}, z_{l})\) are disjoint for \(i\not = k\) and \(j\not = l\).
- 3.
Because of generality of consideration, we omit possible ways of defining such a function. Anyhow, it may be defined, for example, as follows (Fig. 1):
$$\begin{aligned} f((d,z)^{a}_{n}) = {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} A(d_{1},z_{1}) &{} \mathrm {for} (d_{1},z_{1})^{a}_{n} \\ - B(d_{k},z_{l}) &{} \mathrm {for} (d_{k},z_{l})^{a}_{n} \\ \sum X_{n, d, z,a} &{} \mathrm {otherwise} \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$(1)for A(d, z) and \(-B(d,z)\) being linear functions of arguments \((d_{1},z_{1})\) and \((d_{k},z_{l})\) (resp.) for parameters \(A, B> 0\).
- 4.
We do not specify this function, we only assume a general condition of Lebesque integrability of it. It seems to be important because of the integral-based representation of preferences later. We omit, however, a detailed explanation.
- 5.
This possibility holds if all actions remain ‘good’ as respecting temporal constraints from C.
- 6.
Because of a very broad nature of the Ohlbach’s approach, we omit his explications. They might be easily found in these works.
- 7.
In order to preserve generality of considerations, we omit a detailed specification of the initial state \(s_{0}\) and a goal g. As such a pair of agents one can take, for example a pair:(crane, robot) etc.
- 8.
We can assume that h(x) represents meet(i, j)(x) Allen relation. Anyhow, this identification is redundant from the point of view of the current analysis.
- 9.
We omit its formulation. It may be easily found in each handbook of real and abstract analysis. See, for example: [5].
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Jobczyk, K., Ligeza, A. (2017). STRIPS in Some Temporal-Preferential Extension. In: Rutkowski, L., Korytkowski, M., Scherer, R., Tadeusiewicz, R., Zadeh, L., Zurada, J. (eds) Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing. ICAISC 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10245. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59063-9_22
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