Abstract
A good knowledge and modelling of the fate of chemicals in soil is essential for achieving a holistic risk assessment approach. This chapter describes the processes that should be considered in models simulating the fate of chemicals in natural soils. The first section describes the exchange of chemicals between soil particles and soil porewater. The second section describes downward infiltration of dissolved chemicals in the soil depth profile. It requires the simulation of water mass balance in soil that is assumed to be governed by inputs/outputs of water in the soil system, i.e. rainfall, irrigation, evapotranspiration, downward infiltration and upward capillarity. A retardation factor incorporates adsorption of chemicals on soil particles. The third section describes absorption and volatilization of SVOCs at the air-soil interface, which can be simulated using the stagnant two-film model. The forth section describes bioturbation in soils, i.e. the disturbance of soil layers by biological activity. The fifth section describes diffusion of chemicals along the vertical soil profile that is governed by the general 1D transport model. The sixth section describes wash-off of chemicals from soils, i.e. the transport of chemicals in water flowing over the soil surface and finally reaching surface water systems. The seventh section describes processes responsible for degradation (i.e. hydrolysis, photolysis, biodegradation), which may be aggregated in a global loss rate.
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Ciffroy, P. (2018). Modelling the Fate of Chemicals in Soils. In: Ciffroy, P., Tediosi, A., Capri, E. (eds) Modelling the Fate of Chemicals in the Environment and the Human Body. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 57. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59502-3_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59502-3_6
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