Abstract
Jan Łukasiewicz was a leading figure of the Warsaw School of Logic—one of the branches of the Lvov-Warsaw School. The paper presents his personality, life and didactic activity, as well as the list of his main works and the greatest achievements in logic, its history and philosophy. In propositional logic, he invented the bracketless symbolism and constructed many systems of this logic. One of his greatest achievements was discovering three-valued logic. He also reconstruct the history of logic with the apparatus of modern logic. In ontology, Łukasiewicz made a logical analysis of the notion of causality and determinism. In epistemology, he established the precise formulation of the paradox of the liar.
Poetic works do not differ from scientificin more imaginative fantasy. […]However, scientists differ from poets in this respect,that the former REASON always and everywhere. About creativity in science (Łukasiewicz [3, p. 32])
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Notes
- 1.
This work is a continuation of the Polish monograph, prepared in 1939, which unfortunately burned during World War 2.
- 2.
The first outline of non-Chrisipian logic dates back to 1917, and the first system of it—to 1920.
- 3.
It may be worth noting that one of the consequences of adopting the so characterized indefiniteness as a third value in the three-valued logic is that we should to accept the view that sentences change their logical value in time: e.g. sentence undetermined at a certain moment may come to be true (or false) at some later moment, namely, one in which adequate causes have already occurred. Someone who would not want to agree with such a consequence, could not also agree with the sketched interpretation of the third value. Questioning the interpretation does not involve, of course, questioning the interpreted calculus.
Jan Łukasiewicz’s Works Mentioned in the Paper
Analiza i konstrukcja pojecia przyczyny [Analysis and construction of the notion of cause]. In: Z zagadnień logiki i filozofii. Pisma wybrane [Selected Problems of Logic and Philosophy]. PWN, Warszawa (1961), pp. 9–62 (Original work published 1906)
O zasadzie sprzeczności u Arystotelesa. Studium krytyczne [On the principle of contradiction in Aristotle. A critical study]. Akademia Umiejetności, Kraków (1910)
O twórczości w nauce [On creativity in science]. In: Logika i metafizyka [Logic and Metaphysics]. Miscellanea. Wydawnictwo WFiS UW, Warszawa (1998), pp. 9–33 (Original work published 1912)
Die logischen Grundlagen der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung. Spółka Wydawnicza Polska, Kraków (1913)
Zagadnienia prawdy [Problems of truth]. In: Logika i metafizyka [Logic and metaphysics]. Miscellanea. Wydawnictwo WFiS UW, Warszawa (1998), pp. 55–56 (Original work published 1913)
O determinizmie [On determinism]. In: Z zagadnień logiki i filozofii. Pisma wybrane [Selected Problems of Logic and Philosophy]. PWN, Warszawa (1961), pp. 114–126 (Original work published 1922–1923)
Kant i filozofia nowożytna [Kant and modern philosophy]. In: Logika i metafizyka [Logic and metaphysics]. Miscellanea. Wydawnictwo WFiS UW, Warszawa (1998), pp. 365–368 (Original work published 1924)
Elementy logiki matematycznej [Elements of mathematical logic]. Wydawnictwo Koła Matematyczno-Fizycznego Słuchaczów Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa (1929)
Z historii logiki zdań [From the history of propositional logic]. In: Z zagadnień logiki i filozofii. Pisma wybrane [Selected problems of logic and philosophy]. PWN, Warszawa (1961), pp. 178–194 (Original work published 1934)
Kartezjusz [Descartes]. In: Logika i metafizyka [Logic and Metaphysics]. Miscellanea. Wydawnictwo WFiS UW, Warszawa (1998), pp. 370–374 (Original work published 1938)
Aristotle’s Syllogistic from the Standpoint of Modern Formal Logic. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1951)
Аристотелевская силлогистика с точки зрения современной формальной логики. Издательство Иностранной Литературы, Мoсква (1959)
Z zagadnień logiki i filozofii. Pisma wybrane [Selected Problems of Logic and Philosophy]. PWN, Warszawa (1961)
Elements of Mathematical Logic. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1966)
Selected Works. North-Holland Publishing Company & PWN. Amsterdam and Warszawa (1970)
La syllogistique d’Aristote. Armand Colin, Paris (1972)
Estudios de lógica y filozofía. Biblioteca de la Reista de Occidente, Madrid (1975)
Sūri rondigaku genron. Bunka Shobō Hakubunsha, Tokio (1992)
Logika i metafizyka [Logic and metaphysics]. Miscellanea. Wydawnictwo WFiS UW, Warszawa (1998)
Du principe de contradiction chez Aristote. L’Éclat, Paris (2000)
О принципе противоречия у Аристотеля. Критическое исследование. Центр Гуманитарных Инициатив, Мoсква & Санкт-Петербург (2012)
Écrits logiques et philosophique. Vrin, Paris (2013)
Pamietnik [Diary]. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Semper, Warszawa (2013)
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Jadacki, J. (2018). Jan Łukasiewicz: A Creator of New Ideas in Logic and a Reinterpreter of Its History. In: Garrido, Á., Wybraniec-Skardowska, U. (eds) The Lvov-Warsaw School. Past and Present. Studies in Universal Logic. Birkhäuser, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65430-0_3
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