Abstract
In the last two hundred years, agricultural trade has grown at a remarkably rapid rate. Chapter 3 deals with the globalisation of this trade. In the first globalising wave, international trade was based on the exchange of primary products for manufactured goods. This provided important opportunities for complementarity in certain countries on the periphery that took advantage of the opportunity to base their economic development on the growth of their exports and the linkages between them and the rest of the economy. However, most of the agricultural exporting countries obtained few benefits from this model of development. In the second wave of globalisation, this pattern of trade was increasingly replaced by an intra-industrial trade. In addition, the more developed countries tended to protect their agricultural production, which have been a major obstacle to agricultural trade.
This study has received financial support from Spain’s Ministry of Science and Innovation, project ECO2015-65582-P, and from the Government of Aragon, through the Research Group “Agri-food Economic History (nineteenth and twentieth centuries)”. The authors wish to thank Kym Anderson , Henry Willebald, and participants at the meeting “Agricultural development in the world periphery. A global economic history approach” (University of Zaragoza, April 2017) for their help and advice. The usual disclaimers apply.
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Notes
- 1.
In settler economies , the agricultural sector’s share of GDP remained fairly constant, and until trade costs fell substantially, exports were concentrated in a small number of high-volume goods (Anderson, 2018).
- 2.
We include in this group only the settler economies whose development was based on the exploitation of under-utilised natural resources and the export of the products obtained to the core countries, and where the European immigrant population ended up being a large majority of the population. See Sutch (2013). The Europeans had hardly colonised these countries until the nineteenth century and, given the high transport costs, it was not profitable to export agricultural products that were similar to the European ones. All of these countries were ranked among the world’s top fifteen economies in terms of per capita income in 1913.
- 3.
We consider countries on the periphery to be those located outside the European continent that did not experience a significant process of industrialisation in the nineteenth century, including those in Africa , Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia (excluding Japan ), and Oceania .
- 4.
- 5.
Based on United Nations COMTRADE database.
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Aparicio, G., González-Esteban, Á.L., Pinilla, V., Serrano, R. (2018). The World Periphery in Global Agricultural and Food Trade, 1900–2000. In: Pinilla, V., Willebald, H. (eds) Agricultural Development in the World Periphery. Palgrave Studies in Economic History. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66020-2_3
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