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Symbiotic Origin of Eukaryotic Nucleus: From Cell Body to Neo-Energide

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Concepts in Cell Biology - History and Evolution

Part of the book series: Plant Cell Monographs ((CELLMONO,volume 23))

Abstract

Several aspects of the eukaryotic cell suggest that the nucleus is of symbiotic origin. The nucleus forms, via its perinuclear structures, the primary eukaryotic agent known also as the “cell body” or “energide.” New energides are generated only from other energides, as is the case for all other endosymbiotic organelles. Moreover, the energide can use its secretory apparatus to generate de novo the cell periphery apparatus. In contrast, the energide cannot be generated de novo. All this suggests that the energide was the primary symbiont of the eukaryotic cell and enslaved the host cell by stripping it of its DNA. The energide took control over the host cell that provided it with a protective niche. This feature, supported by other relevant data, suggests that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a secondary organelle generated by the outer portion of the nuclear membrane. The ER represents a specialized domain of the outer nuclear envelope, which orchestrates the energide’s secretory and lytic activities via the ER network, Golgi apparatus, autophagy network, and lysosomes. In this way, the energide integrates the eukaryotic cell via ER/organelle/plasma membrane contact sites into a coherent agent of eukaryotic life. In addition, the plasma membrane provides feedback to the energide and renders protection via the plasma membrane-derived endosomal network. Recent new discoveries suggest archaeal origins for both the energide and its host cell.

Motto: Omnis Energide e Energide

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IZMB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    František Baluška

  2. SUNY Empire State College, Schenectady, NY, USA

    Sherrie Lyons

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  1. František Baluška
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  2. Sherrie Lyons
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Correspondence to František Baluška or Sherrie Lyons .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Vaidurya Pratap Sahi

  2. IZMB, Department of Plant Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    František Baluška

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Dedicated to the memory of Peter W. Barlow (1942–2017).

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Baluška, F., Lyons, S. (2018). Symbiotic Origin of Eukaryotic Nucleus: From Cell Body to Neo-Energide. In: Sahi, V., Baluška, F. (eds) Concepts in Cell Biology - History and Evolution. Plant Cell Monographs, vol 23. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69944-8_3

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