Skip to main content

Melanoma

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Locoregional Tumor Therapy

Abstract

Locoregional disease for melanoma encompasses the following disease presentations:

  • Primary disease

  • Local recurrence (in the scar of the primary)

  • Satellite metastases (adjacent to the scar, but within 2 cm distance)

  • In-transit metastases (ITM), beyond 2 cm from the scar, but not beyond the regional node basin

  • Regional lymph node recurrence in the draining lymph node basin (which can be multiple in case of a melanoma of the trunk)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 56.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Read RL, Haydu L, Saw RP, et al. In-transit melanoma metastases: incidence, prognosis, and the role of lymphadenectomy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22:475–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Morton DL, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ, et al. Sentinel-node biopsy or nodal observation in melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1307–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Balch CM, Gershenwald JE, Soong SJ, et al. Final version of 2009 AJCC melanoma staging and classification. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:6199–206.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Creech O Jr, Krementz ET, Ryan RF, et al. Chemotherapy of cancer: regional perfusion utilizing an extracorporeal circuit. Ann Surg. 1958;148:616–32.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Andtbacka RH, Kaufman HL, Collichio F, et al. Talimogene laherparepvec improves durable response rate in patients with advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2780–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Harrington KJ, Andtbacka RH, Collichio F, et al. Efficacy and safety of talimogene laherparepvec versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with stage IIIB/C and IVM1a melanoma: subanalysis of the Phase III OPTiM trial. Onco Targets Ther. 2016;9:7081–93.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Thompson JF, Agarwala SS, Smithers BM, et al. Phase 2 study of intralesional PV-10 in refractory metastatic melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22:2135–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. van Jarwaarde JA, Wessels R, Nieweg OE, et al. CO2 laser treatment for regional cutaneous malignant melanoma metastases. Dermatol Surg. 2015;41:78–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Testori A, Faries MB, Thompson JF, et al. Local and intralesional therapy of in-transit melanoma metastases. J Surg Oncol. 2011;104:391–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Campana LG, Mocellin S, Basso M, et al. Bleomycin-based electrochemotherapy: clinical outcome from a single institution’s experience with 52 patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16:191–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Mir LM, Glass LF, Sersa G, et al. Effective treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous malignant tumours by electrochemotherapy. Br J Cancer. 1998;77:2336–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Chapman PB, Hauschild A, Robert C, et al. Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2507–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Flaherty KT, Infante JR, Daud A, et al. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1694–703.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Flaherty KT, Robert C, Hersey P, et al. Improved survival with MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:107–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hauschild A, Grob JJ, Demidov LV, et al. Dabrafenib in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012;380:358–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Long GV, Stroyakovskiy D, Gogas H, et al. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition versus BRAF inhibition alone in melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:1877–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Robert C, Karaszewska B, Schachter J, et al. Improved overall survival in melanoma with combined dabrafenib and trametinib. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:30–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, et al. Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:320–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Hodi FS, O’Day SJ, McDermott DF, et al. Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:711–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, et al. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab or monotherapy in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:23–34.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Postow MA, Chesney J, Pavlick AC, et al. Nivolumab and ipilimumab versus ipilimumab in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2006–17.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Ribas A, Puzanov I, Dummer R, et al. Pembrolizumab versus investigator-choice chemotherapy for ipilimumab-refractory melanoma (KEYNOTE-002): a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16:908–18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Robert C, Ribas A, Wolchok JD, et al. Anti-programmed-death-receptor-1 treatment with pembrolizumab in ipilimumab-refractory advanced melanoma: a randomised dose-comparison cohort of a phase 1 trial. Lancet. 2014;384:1109–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Robert C, Schachter J, Long GV, et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2521–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Schadendorf D, Hodi FS, Robert C, et al. Pooled analysis of long-term survival data from phase II and phase III trials of ipilimumab in unresectable or metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:1889–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Wolchok JD, Kluger H, Callahan MK, et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:122–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Daud A, Ribas A, Robert C, et al. Long-term efficacy of pembrolizumab (pembro; MK-3475) in a pooled analysis of 655 patients (pts) with advanced melanoma (MEL) enrolled in KEYNOTE-001. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(15 suppl):abstr 9005.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Puzanov I, Milhem MM, Minor D, et al. Talimogene laherparepvec in combination with ipilimumab in previously untreated, unresectable stage IIIB-IV melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:2619–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Lienard D, Ewalenko P, Delmotte JJ, et al. High-dose recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha in combination with interferon gamma and melphalan in isolation perfusion of the limbs for melanoma and sarcoma. J Clin Oncol. 1992;10:52–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Lienard D, Eggermont AM, Schraffordt Koops H, et al. Isolated perfusion of the limb with high-dose tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and melphalan for melanoma stage III. Results of a multi-centre pilot study. Melanoma Res. 1994;(4 Suppl 1):21–6.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Vaglini M, Belli F, Ammatuna M, et al. Treatment of primary or relapsing limb cancer by isolation perfusion with high-dose alpha-tumor necrosis factor, gamma-interferon, and melphalan. Cancer. 1994;73:483–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Vaglini M, Santinami M, Manzi R, et al. Treatment of in-transit metastases from cutaneous melanoma by isolation perfusion with tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), melphalan and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Dose-finding experience at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. Melanoma Res. 1994;(4 Suppl 1):35–8.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Bartlett DL, Ma G, Alexander HR, et al. Isolated limb reperfusion with tumor necrosis factor and melphalan in patients with extremity melanoma after failure of isolated limb perfusion with chemotherapeutics. Cancer. 1997;80:2084–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Lienard D, Eggermont AM, Koops HS, et al. Isolated limb perfusion with tumour necrosis factor-alpha and melphalan with or without interferon-gamma for the treatment of in-transit melanoma metastases: a multicentre randomized phase II study. Melanoma Res. 1999;9:491–502.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Fraker DL, Alexander HR, Ross M, et al. A phase III trial of isolated limb perfusion for extremity melanoma comparing melphalan alone versus melphalan plus tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plus interferon-gamma (IFN). Ann Surg Oncol. 2002;9:S8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Noorda EM, Vrouenraets BC, Nieweg OE, et al. Isolated limb perfusion for unresectable melanoma of the extremities. Arch Surg. 2004;139:1237–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Grunhagen DJ, Brunstein F, ten Hagen TL, et al. TNF-based isolated limb perfusion: a decade of experience with antivascular therapy in the management of locally advanced extremity soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer Treat Res. 2004;120:65–79.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Cornett WR, McCall LM, Petersen RP, et al. Randomized multicenter trial of hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion with melphalan alone compared with melphalan plus tumor necrosis factor: American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Trial Z0020. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:4196–201.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Deroose JP, Grunhagen DJ, van Geel AN, et al. Long-term outcome of isolated limb perfusion with tumour necrosis factor-alpha for patients with melanoma in-transit metastases. Br J Surg. 2011;98:1573–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Madu M, Deken MM, Van der Hage JA, et al. Isolated limb perfusion for melanoma is safe and effective in elderly patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24(7):1997–2005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexander C. J. van Akkooi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

van Akkooi, A.C.J. (2018). Melanoma. In: Van Cutsem, E., Vogl, T., Orsi, F., Sobrero, A. (eds) Locoregional Tumor Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69947-9_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69947-9_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-69946-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-69947-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics