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Biomarkers

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Sport and Physical Activity in the Heat

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Abstract

Biological markers (biomarkers) measured in blood and urine samples may be useful as indicators of increased susceptibility to, onset and severity of, and recovery from exertional heat illness (EHI). Currently, however, there are no biomarkers that can be used to confidently predict susceptibility to, severity of, and recovery from EHI. Markers of hydration state, muscle damage, and immune function have been studied and may be useful with further validation. A hypohydrated state is a known risk factor for EHI and thus measuring hydration state via markers such as urine color, specific gravity, and osmolality, or plasma osmolality may be helpful in assessing risk for EHI. Markers of muscle/tissue damage and ensuing inflammation such as creatine kinase and inflammatory cytokines may indicate the severity of and recovery from EHI. Novel markers such as heat shock proteins, cardiac troponin, and coagulation factors have also been explored as markers of tissue damage and repair during EHI pathophysiology. Further research is required to validate markers, and approaches should focus on using multiple biomarkers at once since current biomarker candidates for EHI measured individually will not be informative about EHI specifically.

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The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the author(s) and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Army or the Department of Defense.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA

    Elaine Choung-Hee Lee PhD (KSI Medical & Science Advisory Board Member)

  2. Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA

    Lisa R. Leon PhD & W. Bruce Adams MD

  3. Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers Center for Health and Human Performance, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Shawn M. Arent PhD, CSCS*D, FISSN, FACSM

  4. Human Performance Laboratories, Department of Human Sciences, Exercise Science Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Carl M. Maresh PhD, FNAK, FACSM

  5. School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK

    Neil P. Walsh PhD, FACSM

Authors
  1. Elaine Choung-Hee Lee PhD
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  2. Lisa R. Leon PhD
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  3. W. Bruce Adams MD
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  4. Shawn M. Arent PhD, CSCS*D, FISSN, FACSM
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  5. Carl M. Maresh PhD, FNAK, FACSM
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  6. Neil P. Walsh PhD, FACSM
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elaine Choung-Hee Lee PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Kinesiology Director, Athletic Training Education Research Associate, Human Performance Laboratory College of Agriculture, Health, and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA

    Douglas J. Casa

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Lee, E.CH., Leon, L.R., Adams, W.B., Arent, S.M., Maresh, C.M., Walsh, N.P. (2018). Biomarkers. In: Casa, D. (eds) Sport and Physical Activity in the Heat. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70217-9_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70217-9_11

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-70217-9

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