Abstract
Appendix No. 16 consists of nine sections containing statistics, notes, and comments on various factors relating to the American criminal justice system. Included are annual reports of Auburn doctors (1826–1830); written excerpts from Dr. Bache of the Eastern State Penitentiary; statistics on individuals pardoned in New York from 1822–1831; Maryland’s penal laws for slaves; mortality differences between black persons, white persons, and slaves; Tocqueville’s and Beaumont’s calculations for the number of incarcerated persons in Pennsylvania in 1830; number of executions in Maryland from 1785–1832; number of those imprisoned in New York City prisons from 1821–1827; the influence of New York City on the crime numbers for the State as a whole; and the total number of sentences given by New York State Courts in 1830.
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Notes
- 1.
*Tocqueville and Beaumont excerpt a letter from Franklin Bache to Roberts Vaux, published broadly to the public at that time. Rather than inserting the original English text, I have translated the author’s French. See Bache 1829 for comparison.
- 2.
Mr. Bache is simultaneously doctor of the Walnut Street prison and of the new penitentiary [Eastern State Penitentiary].
- 3.
We must warn that we neglect the fractions of months and days.
- 4.
Bizarre thing! Free black persons die less in Baltimore, where the government is hard and oppressive for them, than at Philadelphia, where they are the object of philanthropy and public attention.
- 5.
This figure appears no doubt very high; it hardly forms, however, that average of four years which preceded 1830.
- 6.
More. This figure and the stubborn corresponding figures of the following years are below the truth. In fact, there were in 1822 five hundred forty-one individuals accused of crimes or misdemeanors having been judged; but [while] nothing indicates that those who had been tried had never been jailed under mandates (committed), it is still certain that many from among them had been bailed and had never been in prison. It is, then, not five hundred forty-one which is necessary to subtract from two thousand three hundred sixty-one, but a number smaller than five hundred forty-one, and whose exact figure we do not know.
References
Bache, Franklin. 1829. Observations and Reflections On the Penitentiary System: A Letter from Franklin Bache, M.D. to Roberts Vaux. Philadelphia: Jesper Harding.
Livingston, Edward. 1827. Introductory Report to the Code of Prison Discipline: Explanatory of the Principles on which the Code is Founded, Being Part of the System of Penal Law Prepared for the State of Louisiana. London: John Miller.
Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons. 1831. First and Second Annual Reports of the Inspectors of the Eastern State Penitentiary of Pennsylvania, Made to the Legislature at the Seasons of 1829–30, and 1830–31. Philadelphia: Thomas Kite.
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© 2018 © Translation by Emily Katherine Ferkaluk
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de Beaumont, G., de Tocqueville, A. (2018). Appendix No. 16: Statistical Notes. In: On the Penitentiary System in the United States and its Application to France. Recovering Political Philosophy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70799-0_24
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